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As respostas sociais, concebidas e materializadas até à data, têm procurado satisfazer uma
panóplia de necessidades, inclusive quando se trata de fornecer respostas à população sénior
portuguesa. Não obstante a evolução registada no número e complexidade das estruturas
criadas até ao momento, surgem diversas questões que ainda carecem de resposta. As
sociedades estão, de facto, em constante transformação e os elementos que as compõe
também. A principal questão que se levanta e que o presente estudo procura dar resposta
prende-se com o seguinte: será que as respostas sociais estão efetivamente a responder às
reais necessidades da pessoa idosa? De uma forma genérica, entende-se que para responder a
esta questão, é de todo pertinente, explorar a visão ou a perspetiva de duas populações
específicas: ouvir os profissionais e atender o que os séniores têm a dizer sobre esta questão.
Para o efeito, desenvolveram-se entrevistas individuais aos profissionais, direta ou
indiretamente ligados ao contexto, e um focus group constituido por pessoas idosas, oriundas
de Instituições e respostas sociais específicas (ERPI e SAD), localizadas no concelho de Fafe,
que é o lugar onde decorre este trabalho de campo. A análise de conteúdo efetuada em ambos
os momentos foi extremamente rica em informação, indo ao encontro do que a literatura atual
tem apresentado. Tendo em linha de conta as diversas questões de investigação implícitas
neste trabalho, a análise de conteúdo efetuada permitiu a identificação de diversas
necessidades da população idosa, atualmente institucionalizada, como também possibilitou a
sinalização de alguns condicionalismos inerentes ao modo de funcionamento e organização
das respostas sociais em estudo. Segundo os discursos analisados, as estruturas de apoio à
pessoa idosa não se encontram ainda devidamente preparadas para dar resposta técnica e
especializada às necessidades da populaçao idosa com demência. Foi possível ainda constatar,
que as pessoas idosas entrevistadas apresentaram dificuldades em explorar a seguinte questão:
“Se tivessem oportunidade de viver mais tempo nas suas casas ou num ambiente familiar,
tendo apoio de um profissional ao domicílio durante 24 horas, optariam por ficar em casa?
Ou sentem maior segurança no lar? Esta situação poderá dever-se ao facto destas estarem
atualmente satisfeitas com o contexto no qual se encontram inseridas, encontrando-se numa
condição de saúde e bem-estar visivelmente mais favorável comparativamente à etapa
anterior, que motivou a integração na respetiva resposta social como também, dever-se à
dificuldade das pessoas idosas em perspetivar e opinar sobre uma realidade para eles, ainda,
desconhecida ou inexistente.
The social responses, conceived and materialized to date, have managed to fullfil numerous needs, even when it comes to providing answers to the Portuguese senior population. However the evolution of the number and complexity of the structures created so far, several questions still remain unanswered. Societies are in fact constantly changing as well as their constituent elements. The main question that the present study seeks to answer the following: are social responses actually meeting the real needs of the elderly? Generally speaking, it is understood that in order to answer this question, it is most pertinent to explore the scope and perspective of two specific populations: to listen to the professionals and to listen to what the elderly person have to say about this issue. For this purpose, individual interviews were conducted with professionals, directly or indirectly in the context, and a focus group made up of older people from institutions and specific social responses (ERPI and SAD), located in the Fafe county, where this fieldwork takes place. The content analysis performed at both times was extremely rich in information, meeting what the current literature has presented. Taking into account the various research questions implicit in this work, the content analysis carried out allowed the identification of many needs of the elderly population, currently institutionalized, as well as the signaling of some inherent constraints in the operation and organization of the social responses under study. According to the speeches analyzed, the support structures for the elderly are not yet adequately prepared to provide technical and specialized response to the needs of the elderly population with dementia. It was also found that the interviewed elderly people had difficulty to reason with the following question: “If you had the opportunity to live longer at home or in your family environment, having the support of a home-based professional for 24 hours, you would choose to stay at home? Or do you feel greater security at ERPI?” This difficulty may be related to the fact that they are currently satisfied with the context in which they are inserted, being in a health condition and well-being visibly more favorable compared to the previous stage, that motivated the integration in the respective social response, and may be, due to the difficulty of the elderly to foresee and give an opinion about a new reality, still unknown or nonexistent, for them
The social responses, conceived and materialized to date, have managed to fullfil numerous needs, even when it comes to providing answers to the Portuguese senior population. However the evolution of the number and complexity of the structures created so far, several questions still remain unanswered. Societies are in fact constantly changing as well as their constituent elements. The main question that the present study seeks to answer the following: are social responses actually meeting the real needs of the elderly? Generally speaking, it is understood that in order to answer this question, it is most pertinent to explore the scope and perspective of two specific populations: to listen to the professionals and to listen to what the elderly person have to say about this issue. For this purpose, individual interviews were conducted with professionals, directly or indirectly in the context, and a focus group made up of older people from institutions and specific social responses (ERPI and SAD), located in the Fafe county, where this fieldwork takes place. The content analysis performed at both times was extremely rich in information, meeting what the current literature has presented. Taking into account the various research questions implicit in this work, the content analysis carried out allowed the identification of many needs of the elderly population, currently institutionalized, as well as the signaling of some inherent constraints in the operation and organization of the social responses under study. According to the speeches analyzed, the support structures for the elderly are not yet adequately prepared to provide technical and specialized response to the needs of the elderly population with dementia. It was also found that the interviewed elderly people had difficulty to reason with the following question: “If you had the opportunity to live longer at home or in your family environment, having the support of a home-based professional for 24 hours, you would choose to stay at home? Or do you feel greater security at ERPI?” This difficulty may be related to the fact that they are currently satisfied with the context in which they are inserted, being in a health condition and well-being visibly more favorable compared to the previous stage, that motivated the integration in the respective social response, and may be, due to the difficulty of the elderly to foresee and give an opinion about a new reality, still unknown or nonexistent, for them
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Palavras-chave
Pessoa idosa Cuidados Necessidades Respostas sociais Ederly people Care Needs Social responses