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A presente obra tem como intuito discorrer sobre as contingências profissionais em Portugal. Mais concretamente, iremos escrutinar os conceitos de acidente de trabalho e de doença profissional, no sentido de perceber quais os fatores que lhes são comuns, bem como os elementos a que a jurisprudência segue para os distinguir, e com isso, transmitir a importância de se proceder na prática a essa mesma identificação.
Para tal, devemos atender à Lei n.º 98/2009, de 4 de setembro, que regula o regime de reparação de acidentes de trabalho e de doenças profissionais, e ao modo como as suas disposições se mostram aptas a salvaguardar os interesses dos trabalhadores, principalmente perante novos riscos e danos. Concluiremos que a subitaneidade é vista como o critério essencial para distinguir estas duas contingências numa situação prática. Para a aferição deste último ponto, iremos acompanhar de perto a discussão nacional conjuntamente com outros ordenamentos jurídicos, como o espanhol e o francês, países nos quais estas questões já foram debatidas, devido às parcas fontes bibliográficas nacionais recentes sobre estas duas figuras, mormente sobre as doenças profissionais, urgindo o aparecimento de novos estudos relativamente a um tema pouco debatido entre nós, mas com significativo impacto prático na vida dos trabalhadores e das entidades encarregues por suportar os custos da reparação. Ademais, exporemos diversas decisões jurisprudenciais, nacionais e estrangeiras, que quanto a nós comportam um caráter inovador com matéria para alimentar a discussão, independentemente de estarmos de acordo ou não com elas. É nosso desejo averiguar da conformidade da Lei nacional com os novos desafios propostos por tempos cada vez mais modernos e propensos a originar lesões das mais variadas formas – quer físicas ou até mesmo psicológicas.
The present work aims to discourse on professional contingencies in Portugal. More precisely, we will analyze the concepts of workplace accidents and occupational diseases, in order to examine the common factors to both contingencies, as well as the elements the jurisprudence attends to when stating their differences. With that, we wish to transmit the importance of proceeding to the correct identification in practice. To do so, we will consider the Portuguese Law n.º 98/2009, September 4th, which regulates the reparation system of workplace accidents and occupational diseases. We aim to explore its dispositions to conclude if they are able to safeguard the workers’ interests, especially when it comes to newer risks and damages. We will conclude that the suddenness (i.e., an event that is known for occurring in a fast and violent way), is considered to be the major criteria to distinguish workplace accidents from occupational diseases. For this last part, we will follow both national and international authors, mainly from Spain and France, countries where these questions already arose, due to the plunge in national bibliographic sources with respect to both concepts, especially on occupational diseases. For that reason, we claim the need for new studies on these two underdiscussed topics among Portuguese authors, due to the massive practical impact on workers’ lives this theme has, since it determines which entity (a private or a public one) is responsible for assuming the costs of their reparations. Additionally, we will display various courts decisions, national and from abroad, which to us, have their own innovative statements that deserve our full attention, despite agreeing with them or not. With all this, it is our desire to assess the conformity of the Portuguese Law regarding challenges created by changing times, that have pioneered damages in the most various forms –physical or even psychological.
The present work aims to discourse on professional contingencies in Portugal. More precisely, we will analyze the concepts of workplace accidents and occupational diseases, in order to examine the common factors to both contingencies, as well as the elements the jurisprudence attends to when stating their differences. With that, we wish to transmit the importance of proceeding to the correct identification in practice. To do so, we will consider the Portuguese Law n.º 98/2009, September 4th, which regulates the reparation system of workplace accidents and occupational diseases. We aim to explore its dispositions to conclude if they are able to safeguard the workers’ interests, especially when it comes to newer risks and damages. We will conclude that the suddenness (i.e., an event that is known for occurring in a fast and violent way), is considered to be the major criteria to distinguish workplace accidents from occupational diseases. For this last part, we will follow both national and international authors, mainly from Spain and France, countries where these questions already arose, due to the plunge in national bibliographic sources with respect to both concepts, especially on occupational diseases. For that reason, we claim the need for new studies on these two underdiscussed topics among Portuguese authors, due to the massive practical impact on workers’ lives this theme has, since it determines which entity (a private or a public one) is responsible for assuming the costs of their reparations. Additionally, we will display various courts decisions, national and from abroad, which to us, have their own innovative statements that deserve our full attention, despite agreeing with them or not. With all this, it is our desire to assess the conformity of the Portuguese Law regarding challenges created by changing times, that have pioneered damages in the most various forms –physical or even psychological.
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Contingências profissionais Acidente de trabalho Doença profissional Subitaneidade Professional contingencies Workplace accident Occupational disease Suddenness