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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Em Portugal ao longo dos anos, a diminuição das taxas de mortalidade e de natalidade, o
aumento da esperança média de vida e a modificação dos padrões de saúde/doença, explicam
o aumento da incidência das doenças crónicas e o aumento do nível de incapacidade
funcional da população. A gestão da doença crónica assume um nível de exigência
de cuidados permanentes e atinge uma dimensão prioritária na área da saúde.
As Doenças Cardiovasculares são das doenças crónicas que apresentam maior taxa de
morbilidade e mortalidade mundial. O elevado número de internamentos por Síndrome
Coronário Agudo e a baixa adesão aos Programas de Reabilitação Cardíaca, constitui uma
oportunidade para os enfermeiros desenvolverem intervenções dirigidas para a promoção,
capacitação e responsabilização da pessoa para o seu autocuidado, contribuindo para a
qualidade dos processos de transição vivenciados.
Conscientes da importância dos cuidados de enfermagem à pessoa pós - Síndrome Coronário
Agudo, o objetivo desta investigação consiste em conceber, implementar, avaliar
um programa de intervenção educativo e facultar contributos para o desenvolvimento de
competências de autocuidado e qualidade de vida, através de práticas baseadas em evidências
e realizadas durante o período de internamento.
Para atingir este objetivo desenvolvemos dois estudos: Estudo 1 - Construímos um Programa
de Intervenção Educativo para Pacientes com Síndrome Coronário Agudo
(PEpSCA-CARE) e no Estudo 2 - Desenvolvemos um estudo de natureza quasi-experimental,
com a constituição de um grupo experimental e um grupo de controlo. O grupo
de controlo recebeu cuidados de enfermagem padronizados e o grupo experimental, além
destes cuidados foi ainda sujeito ao Programa de Intervenção Educativo. Existiu avaliações
em dois momentos: pré-intervenção após admissão hospitalar e o segundo momento
pós-intervenção, um mês após a alta hospitalar. No âmbito da problemática do estudo
optamos por instrumentos que avaliaram as características sociais, funcionais, competências
de autocuidado e qualidade de vida.
Os resultados obtidos revelaram ganhos no desenvolvimento de competências de autocuidado
e qualidade de vida nos doentes sujeitos à intervenção educativa e sugerem que os
doentes do grupo de controlo tendem para uma deterioração nas competências de autocuidado.
Over the years in Portugal, declining mortality and birth rates, increasing life expectancy and modifying health/disease patterns, explain the high prevalence of chronic diseases and the increasing levels of functional disability among the population. Chronic disease management requires a level of demand for permanent care and has a priority dimension in healthcare. Cardiovascular Diseases are chronic diseases with the highest morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. The high number of hospital admissions for Acute Coronary Syndrome and the low adherence to the Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs constitute an opportunity for nurses to develop interventions aimed to promotion, empowerment and accountability of the person for their self-care, contributing to the quality of the transition processes. Aware of the importance of nursing care for the post-Acute Coronary Syndrome patient, the objective of this research is to design, implement and evaluate an educational intervention program and provide contributions for the development of self-care skills and quality of life through evidence-based practices performed during the hospitalization period. To achieve this goal, we developed two studies: Study 1 - Created an Educational Intervention Program for Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (PEpSCA-CARE) and in Study 2 - Developed a quasi-experimental research, with the establishment of two groups, an experimental group, and a control group. The control group received standardized nursing care and the experimental group, in addition to the standardized nursing care had access to the Educational Intervention Program. There were two evaluations moments: pre-intervention after hospital admission and post-intervention, one month after hospital discharge. In this study, we used research instruments for the assessment of social, functional, self-care skills and quality of life. The results suggest improvements in the development of self-care skills and quality of life in patients undergoing educational intervention and suggest that patients in the control group tend towards a deterioration of self-care skills.
Over the years in Portugal, declining mortality and birth rates, increasing life expectancy and modifying health/disease patterns, explain the high prevalence of chronic diseases and the increasing levels of functional disability among the population. Chronic disease management requires a level of demand for permanent care and has a priority dimension in healthcare. Cardiovascular Diseases are chronic diseases with the highest morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. The high number of hospital admissions for Acute Coronary Syndrome and the low adherence to the Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs constitute an opportunity for nurses to develop interventions aimed to promotion, empowerment and accountability of the person for their self-care, contributing to the quality of the transition processes. Aware of the importance of nursing care for the post-Acute Coronary Syndrome patient, the objective of this research is to design, implement and evaluate an educational intervention program and provide contributions for the development of self-care skills and quality of life through evidence-based practices performed during the hospitalization period. To achieve this goal, we developed two studies: Study 1 - Created an Educational Intervention Program for Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (PEpSCA-CARE) and in Study 2 - Developed a quasi-experimental research, with the establishment of two groups, an experimental group, and a control group. The control group received standardized nursing care and the experimental group, in addition to the standardized nursing care had access to the Educational Intervention Program. There were two evaluations moments: pre-intervention after hospital admission and post-intervention, one month after hospital discharge. In this study, we used research instruments for the assessment of social, functional, self-care skills and quality of life. The results suggest improvements in the development of self-care skills and quality of life in patients undergoing educational intervention and suggest that patients in the control group tend towards a deterioration of self-care skills.
Description
Keywords
Autocuidado Doença coronária Educação para a saúde Qualidade de vida e reabilitação Self-care Coronary disease Health education Quality of life and rehabilitation