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Devido à chegada da pandemia de Covid 19 a Portugal, em março de 2019, o governo teve de adotar medidas de confinamento que originaram a perda de postos de trabalho. Assim, o objetivo desta dissertação é perceber qual o tipo de emprego mais afetado com a pandemia e analisar o seu impacto no setor da grande distribuição. Tendo por base os objetivos de investigação, usamos, neste trabalho, duas abordagens diferentes, uma quantitativa e outra qualitativa. Recorrendo a diversas bases de dados, o primeiro exercício consiste em analisar variáveis económicas, como o PIB e a taxa de desemprego, a partir de 2019, ano em que a pandemia começou a demonstrar o seu impacto económico em Portugal. Assim, demonstramos que, a partir desse ano, houve uma quebra na economia portuguesa, derivada de uma crise pandémica. No exercício quantitativo, aplicámos ainda inquéritos que permitem sugerir que os mais afetados pela pandemia eram anteriormente já os indivíduos em condições mais precárias. Essa precariedade resulta das condições de emprego a que estão sujeitos, como os contratos a termo incerto, a flexibilidade em termos de horário e funções e o rendimento insuficiente ou irregular. Mostramos, com as entrevistas, método qualitativo adotado neste estudo, que os trabalhadores enfrentaram severamente estas condições durante a pandemia. O impacto da pandemia de Covid 19 foi especialmente abrupto para os trabalhadores precários, o que inclui trabalhadores do setor da grande distribuição.
With the Covid 19 pandemic appearing in Portugal in March 2019, the government had to adopt confinement measures that resulted in the loss of jobs. Thus, the objective of this dissertation is to understand which type of job was most affected by the pandemic and to analyze its impact on the large distribution sector. Based on the research objectives, we used, in this work, two different approaches, one quantitative and the other qualitative. By using different databases, the first exercise consists in analyzing economic variables, such as GDP and the unemployment rate, starting in 2019, the year in which the pandemic impacted Portugal. Thus, we demonstrate that from 2019 onwards there was a downturn in the Portuguese economy, resulting from a pandemic crisis. In the quantitative exercise, we’ve also considered surveys that suggest that those most affected by the pandemic were previously the most precarious individuals. This precariousness results from the employment conditions to which they are exposed, such as indefinite contracts, flexibility in terms of working hours and functions and insufficient or irregular income. We also found, in interviews’ results, that workers severely faced these conditions during the pandemic. The impact of the Covid 19 pandemic has been especially abrupt for precarious workers, which includes workers in the large distribution sector.
With the Covid 19 pandemic appearing in Portugal in March 2019, the government had to adopt confinement measures that resulted in the loss of jobs. Thus, the objective of this dissertation is to understand which type of job was most affected by the pandemic and to analyze its impact on the large distribution sector. Based on the research objectives, we used, in this work, two different approaches, one quantitative and the other qualitative. By using different databases, the first exercise consists in analyzing economic variables, such as GDP and the unemployment rate, starting in 2019, the year in which the pandemic impacted Portugal. Thus, we demonstrate that from 2019 onwards there was a downturn in the Portuguese economy, resulting from a pandemic crisis. In the quantitative exercise, we’ve also considered surveys that suggest that those most affected by the pandemic were previously the most precarious individuals. This precariousness results from the employment conditions to which they are exposed, such as indefinite contracts, flexibility in terms of working hours and functions and insufficient or irregular income. We also found, in interviews’ results, that workers severely faced these conditions during the pandemic. The impact of the Covid 19 pandemic has been especially abrupt for precarious workers, which includes workers in the large distribution sector.
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Palavras-chave
Pandemia de Covid 19 Precariedade Emprego Flexibilidade Setor da grande distribuição Covid 19 pandemic Precariousness Employment Flexibility Large distribution sector