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A presente dissertação surge no âmbito do mestrado em direito, com especialização em direito da empresa e dos negócios. Propus-me a perceber a razão de ser da limitação da livre transmissibilidade de ações que é a regra nas sociedades anónimas e os requisitos para a admissibilidade dessas limitações procurando encontrar as consequências que tais limites têm no seu regime e no entendimento da natureza deste tipo legal de sociedades comerciais. Partindo da análise da Sociedade Anónima enquanto tipo societário legalmente previsto, irei abordar de forma breve a sua constituição e natureza enquanto sociedade de capitais. Revela-se essencial para o objeto deste estudo, a compreensão do conceito de ação, enquanto participação social e valor mobiliário, de forma a compreender o regime que será aplicado à transmissão de ações. Não poderei descurar abordar de forma mais aprofundada o regime geral da transmissão de ações nominativas, tituladas e escriturais, passando pela análise das diferentes modalidades de transmissão. No tema central, começarei por debruçar-me sobre a regra da livre transmissibilidade, e a abertura do legislador à limitação desta regra. Este estudo irá se concentrar na análise de cada uma das cláusulas permitidas por lei para limitação da transmissibilidade das ações, seja de consentimento, de preferência ou exigência de determinados requisitos. Por fim, uma nota será feita à introdução de tais limites após o ato constitutivo, às consequências da violação dos limites estatutários previstos e aos mecanismos que muitas vezes são utilizados pelos acionistas para não verem a transmissibilidade das suas ações limitada.
The present dissertation arises in the scope of a master's degree in law, with a specialization in company and business law. I proposed to understand the rationale of the limitation of the free transferability of shares that is the rule in limited companies and the requirements for the admissibility of such limitations trying to find the consequences that such limits have in its regime and in the understanding of the nature of this legal type of commercial companies. Starting from the analysis of the Limited Company as a corporate type legally provided, I will briefly address its constitution and nature as a capital company. It is essential for the object of this study, the understanding of the concept of share, as a social participation and security, in order to understand the regime that will be applied to the transfer of shares. I will not be able to neglect to address in a more in-depth manner the general regime for the transmission of registered, titled and uncertificated shares, going through the analysis of the different modalities of transmission. On the central theme, I will begin by focusing on the rule of free transferability, and the legislator's openness to limiting this rule. This study will focus on the analysis of each of the clauses permitted by law to limit the transmissibility of shares, whether of consent, preference, or requirement of certain requirements. Finally, a note will be made to the introduction of such limits after the articles of incorporation, the consequences of the violation of the statutory limits provided and the mechanisms that are often used by shareholders to avoid having the transferability of their shares limited.
The present dissertation arises in the scope of a master's degree in law, with a specialization in company and business law. I proposed to understand the rationale of the limitation of the free transferability of shares that is the rule in limited companies and the requirements for the admissibility of such limitations trying to find the consequences that such limits have in its regime and in the understanding of the nature of this legal type of commercial companies. Starting from the analysis of the Limited Company as a corporate type legally provided, I will briefly address its constitution and nature as a capital company. It is essential for the object of this study, the understanding of the concept of share, as a social participation and security, in order to understand the regime that will be applied to the transfer of shares. I will not be able to neglect to address in a more in-depth manner the general regime for the transmission of registered, titled and uncertificated shares, going through the analysis of the different modalities of transmission. On the central theme, I will begin by focusing on the rule of free transferability, and the legislator's openness to limiting this rule. This study will focus on the analysis of each of the clauses permitted by law to limit the transmissibility of shares, whether of consent, preference, or requirement of certain requirements. Finally, a note will be made to the introduction of such limits after the articles of incorporation, the consequences of the violation of the statutory limits provided and the mechanisms that are often used by shareholders to avoid having the transferability of their shares limited.
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Palavras-chave
Sociedades anónimas Ação Valor mobiliário Cláusula de consentimento Cláusula de preferência Requisitos Transmissão Limitação Limited companies Share Security Consent clause Preemption clause Requirements Transmission Limitation