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Abstract(s)
Os últimos estudos demográficos divulgados pelo Instituto Nacional de Estatística
demonstram um decréscimo de nascimentos de nadosvivos e, paralelamente, um
acréscimo de nadosvivos de baixo peso (inferior a 2500 gramas) e de prematuros (menos
de 37 semanas de gestação), representando 9% e 8% respetivamente dos nascimentos em
Portugal. O nascimento prematuro e o baixo peso ao nascer são tidos como fatores de
grande importância para o desenvolvimento da criança, nomeadamente no que respeita à
aquisição e desenvolvimento da sua linguagem oral e, consequentemente, ao seu sucesso
na aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita. O atual interesse da investigação por esta
população incide, especialmente, sobre as crianças nascidas de prétermo (PT) sem
intercorrências no período pósnatal, dada a evidência de que possam vir a apresentar
perturbações específicas no seu desenvolvimento. Estas crianças, por não apresentarem
fatores de risco major, não são inseridas nos protocolos de vigilância dos recémnascidos
de risco relativamente ao seu neurodesenvolvimento.
Com o presente trabalho de investigação, realizado na Região Autónoma da
Madeira, pretendese analisar a influência da idade gestacional e do peso ao nascer no
desenvolvimento da linguagem oral e escrita, em crianças de idade escolar nascidas de
prétermo entre as 26 e as 36 semanas de idade gestacional e sem intercorrências graves
no período pósnatal. Para tal, foram realizados três estudos distintos, com um grupo de
27 crianças nascidas PT e um grupo emparelhado de 49 crianças nascidas de termo, entre
os 7 e os 10 anos, incidindo sobre: (1) a linguagem oral, (2) a leitura e (3) a escrita. Os
resultados mostraram que a idade gestacional e o peso ao nascer são variáveis que se
correlacionam com o desempenho linguístico, pois observouse que as crianças PT
apresentavam um perfil linguístico atípico, mesmo em caso de prematuridade moderada
a tardia. Como resultado desta análise, defendese uma vigilância do desenvolvimento
linguístico destas crianças, através de protocolos de avaliação, da orientação a educado res
e professores e também a profissionais de saúde, sobre a importância da identificação
precoce das perturbações de linguagem, no sentido de intervir atempadamente com vista
a um desenvolvimento mais equilibrado prevenindo, assim, problemas futuros, como
dificuldades no desenvolvimento da linguagem escrita e insucesso escolar.
The latest demographic studies released by the National Institute of Statistics show a decrease in live births and, at the same time, an increase in low birth weight live births (less than 2500 grams) and premature (less than 37 weeks of gestation) ones, it represents 9% and 8% respectively of births in Portugal. The premature birth and low birth weight are considered factors of great importance for the child's development, particularly with regard to the acquisition and development of their oral language and, consequently, their success in learning how to read and how to write. The actual research interest in this population focuses, especially, on children born preterm (PT) without complications in the postnatal period, given the evidence that they may p resent specific disturbances in their development. These children, as they do not have major risk factors, are not included in the surveillance protocols for newborns at risk regarding their neurodevelopment. With this research work, carried out in the Autonomous Region of Madeira, it is intended to analyze the influence of gestational age and birth weight on the development of oral and written language in schoolage children born preterm between 26 and at 36 weeks of gestational age and without serious complications in the postnatal period. To this end, three different studies were carried out, with a group of 49 children born PT and a paired group of 27 children born at term, between 7 and 10 years, focusing on: (1) oral language, (2) reading and (3) writing. The results showed that gestational age and birth weight are variables that correlate with linguistic performance, because it was observed that PT children had an atypical linguistic profile, even in cases of moderate to late prematurity. As a result of this analysis, we think that it should have a surveillance of the linguistic development of these children, through assessment protocols, guidance to educators and teachers and also to health professionals, on the importance of early identification of language disorders, in order to intervene timely with a view to a more balanced development, thus preventing future problems, such as difficulties in the development of written language and school failure.
The latest demographic studies released by the National Institute of Statistics show a decrease in live births and, at the same time, an increase in low birth weight live births (less than 2500 grams) and premature (less than 37 weeks of gestation) ones, it represents 9% and 8% respectively of births in Portugal. The premature birth and low birth weight are considered factors of great importance for the child's development, particularly with regard to the acquisition and development of their oral language and, consequently, their success in learning how to read and how to write. The actual research interest in this population focuses, especially, on children born preterm (PT) without complications in the postnatal period, given the evidence that they may p resent specific disturbances in their development. These children, as they do not have major risk factors, are not included in the surveillance protocols for newborns at risk regarding their neurodevelopment. With this research work, carried out in the Autonomous Region of Madeira, it is intended to analyze the influence of gestational age and birth weight on the development of oral and written language in schoolage children born preterm between 26 and at 36 weeks of gestational age and without serious complications in the postnatal period. To this end, three different studies were carried out, with a group of 49 children born PT and a paired group of 27 children born at term, between 7 and 10 years, focusing on: (1) oral language, (2) reading and (3) writing. The results showed that gestational age and birth weight are variables that correlate with linguistic performance, because it was observed that PT children had an atypical linguistic profile, even in cases of moderate to late prematurity. As a result of this analysis, we think that it should have a surveillance of the linguistic development of these children, through assessment protocols, guidance to educators and teachers and also to health professionals, on the importance of early identification of language disorders, in order to intervene timely with a view to a more balanced development, thus preventing future problems, such as difficulties in the development of written language and school failure.
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Keywords
Linguagem oral Linguagem escrita Prematuridade Oral language Written language Prematurity