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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Fundamentação Teórica: A literatura tem vindo a associar a Síndrome de Tourette (ST)
a um comprometimento no funcionamento executivo, em particular no controlo inibitório,
flexibilidade cognitiva, fluência verbal, e memória de trabalho verbal. A maioria dos estudos
feitos teve como população alvo indivíduos de idade adulta, existindo menos estudos feitos na
idade pediátrica. Estes últimos são mais heterogéneos e menos conclusivos relativamente ao
possível comprometimento executivo em crianças com ST ou tiques. Este estudo pretende
avaliar o desempenho de crianças com ST e perturbação persistente de tiques em provas de
funcionamento executivo.
Metodologia: Foi recolhida uma amostra por conveniência, composta por um grupo
clínico com 15 crianças (seis com ST e nove com perturbação persistente de tiques) e por um
grupo de controlo com 15 crianças. Estes grupos foram emparelhados por idade, sexo e
escolaridade. Foram administrados os seguintes instrumentos para avaliar o funcionamento
executivo: Trilhas A e B, Memória de Dígitos, teste Stroop, Fluência Verbal, Cancelamento de
Sinais e a Torre. Foram aplicadas as Matrizes Progressivas de Raven Standard e as Matrizes
Progressivas Paralelas para avaliar a inteligência não verbal. Foi também administrado um
questionário comportamental (ASEBA - CBCL 6-18) e a Escala Global de severidade de tiques
de Yale (YGTSS) para medir a severidade da sintomatologia de tiques.
Resultados: Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre as crianças com ST e
perturbação persistente de tiques e as crianças do grupo de controlo. Também não foram
observadas diferenças a nível intelectual. As crianças com ST pontuaram mais na escala de
severidade de tiques comparadas com as crianças com perturbação persistente de tiques.
Conclusão: Os estudos feitos na idade pediátrica parecem mais heterógenos nos
resultados do que os estudos realizados com adultos. Este estudo suporta literatura recente
sobre crianças com ST, não encontrando evidências de comprometimento nas funções
executivas em crianças com ST e com perturbação persistente de tiques (sem complicações
adicionais e com sintomatologia de tiques leve a moderada).
Theoretical Foundation: The literature has been associating Tourette's Syndrome (TS) with a commitment to executive functioning, in particular in inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, verbal fluency, and verbal working memory. Most of the studies conducted targeted adult individuals, with fewer studies conducted in pediatric age. Studies in pediatric age are more heterogeneous and less conclusive about a possible executive commitment in subjects with TS or tics. This study aims to evaluate the performance of children with TS and persistent tic disorder in tests of executive functioning. Methodology: A convenience sample was collected, composed of a clinical group with 15 children (six with TS and nine with persistent tic disorder) and a control group with 15 children. These groups were paired by age, gender, and schooling. The following instruments were administered to evaluate the executive functioning: Trails A and B, Digit Span, Stroop Test, Verbal Fluency, Signal Cancellation, and the Tower. Raven Standard Progressive Matrices and Parallel Progressive Matrices were applied to evaluate nonverbal intelligence. A behavioral questionnaire (ASEBA - CBCL 6-18) and the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) were also administered to measure possible comorbidities and the severity of tic symptomatology. Results: No significant differences were observed between children with TS and persistent tic disturbance and children in the control group. There were also no intellectual differences. Children with TS scored higher on the tic severity scale compared to children with a persistent tic disorder. Conclusion: Studies in the pediatric age seem more heterogenic than studies conducted with adults. This study supports recent literature on children with TS, finding no evidence of impairment in executive functions in children with TS and persistent tic disorder (without additional complications and with mild to moderate tic symptomatology).
Theoretical Foundation: The literature has been associating Tourette's Syndrome (TS) with a commitment to executive functioning, in particular in inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, verbal fluency, and verbal working memory. Most of the studies conducted targeted adult individuals, with fewer studies conducted in pediatric age. Studies in pediatric age are more heterogeneous and less conclusive about a possible executive commitment in subjects with TS or tics. This study aims to evaluate the performance of children with TS and persistent tic disorder in tests of executive functioning. Methodology: A convenience sample was collected, composed of a clinical group with 15 children (six with TS and nine with persistent tic disorder) and a control group with 15 children. These groups were paired by age, gender, and schooling. The following instruments were administered to evaluate the executive functioning: Trails A and B, Digit Span, Stroop Test, Verbal Fluency, Signal Cancellation, and the Tower. Raven Standard Progressive Matrices and Parallel Progressive Matrices were applied to evaluate nonverbal intelligence. A behavioral questionnaire (ASEBA - CBCL 6-18) and the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) were also administered to measure possible comorbidities and the severity of tic symptomatology. Results: No significant differences were observed between children with TS and persistent tic disturbance and children in the control group. There were also no intellectual differences. Children with TS scored higher on the tic severity scale compared to children with a persistent tic disorder. Conclusion: Studies in the pediatric age seem more heterogenic than studies conducted with adults. This study supports recent literature on children with TS, finding no evidence of impairment in executive functions in children with TS and persistent tic disorder (without additional complications and with mild to moderate tic symptomatology).
Description
Keywords
Funções executivas Tiques Síndrome de Tourette Idade pediátrica Executive functions Tics Tourette's syndrome Pediatric age