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Riscos psicossociais e autocuidado : estudo misto com profissionais do sistema de proteção de crianças e jovens
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O trabalho no Sistema de Promoção e Proteção de Crianças e Jovens (SPPCJ) implica elevada exigência emocional e contacto contínuo com situações de vulnerabilidade, o que pode aumentar o risco de desgaste psicológico. Este estudo teve como objetivos: a) caracterizar o risco psicossocial dos profissionais do SPPCJ e analisar o papel do autocuidado enquanto possível fator de proteção do burnout e do stress traumático secundário; e b) analisar com mais detalhe, através de entrevistas semiestruturadas a 15 profissionais, o impacto percebido do burnout no desempenho, nas relações interpessoais e no respetivo ambiente de trabalho, explorando ainda potenciais indícios de trauma vicariante e fatores de risco e de proteção de burnout. Seguindo um desenho misto sequencial, participaram na parte quantitativa 321 profissionais de diferentes estruturas do SPPCJ, como Comissões de Proteção de Crianças e Jovens (CPCJ), Centros de Apoio Familiar e Aconselhamento Parental (CAFAP), Casas de Acolhimento Residencial, Equipas de Assessoria aos Tribunais e outras entidades (M = 43,98; DP = 10,79), que responderam à Escala de Sobrecarga de Stress, ao Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL-5) e ao Questionário de Autocuidado de Hamburgo, para além de um questionário sociodemográfico e profissional. Na parte qualitativa, 15 profissionais de casas de acolhimento e CAFAP participaram em entrevistas semiestruturadas, posteriormente sujeitas a análise temática. Os resultados revelaram níveis moderados de sobrecarga de stress, stress traumático secundário e fadiga por compaixão, e níveis globalmente baixos de burnout. A sobrecarga de stress destacou-se como o principal preditor do burnout, enquanto o autocuidado e a satisfação por compaixão se associaram a melhores indicadores de bem-estar. A análise qualitativa indicou que o stress é vivido sobretudo em ligação a fatores organizacionais, como a falta de recursos humanos e a elevada carga administrativa, mais do que ao contacto direto com as crianças e jovens. Conclui-se que o equilíbrio entre exigências e recursos no SPPCJ depende tanto de fatores individuais, como o autocuidado e a capacidade de manter limites entre trabalho e casa, como de condições organizacionais que favoreçam o bem-estar das equipas. Estes resultados sugerem a necessidade de programas de supervisão e formação contínua que promovam práticas de autocuidado e apoio institucional aos profissionais do sistema.
Work within the Portuguese Child Protection System (SPPCJ) involves high emotional demands and continuous exposure to vulnerable situations, which may increase the risk of psychological strain. This study aimed to: a) characterize the psychosocial risk among SPPCJ professionals and examine the role of self-care as a possible protective factor against burnout and secondary traumatic stress; and b) analyse in more detail, through semi-structured interviews with 15 professionals, the perceived impact of burnout on performance, interpersonal relationships, and the work environment, further exploring potential signs of vicarious trauma and risk and protective factors related to burnout. Following a sequential mixed-method design, 321 professionals from different SPPCJ structures, such as Child Protection Commissions (CPCJ), Family Support and Parental Counselling Centres (CAFAP), Residential Care Homes, Court Advisory Teams, and other entities (M = 43.98; SD = 10.79), completed the Stress Overload Scale, the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL-5), and the Hamburg Self-Care Questionnaire, along with a sociodemographic and professional questionnaire. In the qualitative phase, 15 professionals from residential care and CAFAP participated in semi-structured interviews that were later analysed thematically. The results revealed moderate levels of stress overload, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion fatigue, and overall low levels of burnout. Stress overload emerged as the main predictor of burnout, while self-care and compassion satisfaction were associated with better well-being indicators. The qualitative findings indicated that stress is mainly experienced in connection with organisational factors, such as lack of human resources and high administrative workload, rather than with direct contact with children and young people. It is concluded that the balance between demands and resources in the SPPCJ depends on both individual factors, such as self-care and the ability to maintain boundaries between work and home, and organisational conditions that promote team well-being. These findings highlight the need for supervision and continuous training programmes that encourage self-care practices and institutional support for professionals in the system.
Work within the Portuguese Child Protection System (SPPCJ) involves high emotional demands and continuous exposure to vulnerable situations, which may increase the risk of psychological strain. This study aimed to: a) characterize the psychosocial risk among SPPCJ professionals and examine the role of self-care as a possible protective factor against burnout and secondary traumatic stress; and b) analyse in more detail, through semi-structured interviews with 15 professionals, the perceived impact of burnout on performance, interpersonal relationships, and the work environment, further exploring potential signs of vicarious trauma and risk and protective factors related to burnout. Following a sequential mixed-method design, 321 professionals from different SPPCJ structures, such as Child Protection Commissions (CPCJ), Family Support and Parental Counselling Centres (CAFAP), Residential Care Homes, Court Advisory Teams, and other entities (M = 43.98; SD = 10.79), completed the Stress Overload Scale, the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL-5), and the Hamburg Self-Care Questionnaire, along with a sociodemographic and professional questionnaire. In the qualitative phase, 15 professionals from residential care and CAFAP participated in semi-structured interviews that were later analysed thematically. The results revealed moderate levels of stress overload, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion fatigue, and overall low levels of burnout. Stress overload emerged as the main predictor of burnout, while self-care and compassion satisfaction were associated with better well-being indicators. The qualitative findings indicated that stress is mainly experienced in connection with organisational factors, such as lack of human resources and high administrative workload, rather than with direct contact with children and young people. It is concluded that the balance between demands and resources in the SPPCJ depends on both individual factors, such as self-care and the ability to maintain boundaries between work and home, and organisational conditions that promote team well-being. These findings highlight the need for supervision and continuous training programmes that encourage self-care practices and institutional support for professionals in the system.
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Palavras-chave
Burnout Sobrecarga de stress Stress traumático secundário Fadiga por compaixão Autocuidado Satisfação por compaixão Profissionais do SPPCJ Stress overload Secondary traumatic stress Compassion fatigue Self-care Compassion satisfaction Child protection professionals
Contexto Educativo
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Licença CC
Sem licença CC