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Esta investigação procurou perceber quais os impactos no crescimento económico dado pela carga fiscal e pela progressividade do e, em que modo, pode o governo central, através da política fiscal afetar diretamente os diversos agentes económicos. Para isso, usamos dados em painel de cariz económico referente a Portugal, Itália, Irlanda, Grécia e Espanha, para o período de 1980 a 2020, em séries temporais de 5 anos. Concluímos que a carga fiscal tem um impacto negativo no crescimento económico dos países em análise, com um nível de significância de 1%, isto é, aumentando a carga fiscal em 1 ponto percentual, diminui o crescimento económico entre 0,412 e 0,429 pontos percentuais. Já a progressividade não tem impacto com nível estatisticamente relevante no crescimento económico.
This research focus tries to understand the impacts on economic growth given by the fiscal average pressure and the variation of progressive tax rates. How the central government, through fiscal policy, can directly affect the various economic agents. For this, we use economic panel data for Greece, Italy, Ireland, Portugal and Spain (GIIPS) over the period from 1980 to 2020, in 5 years’ time series. We conclude that the average fiscal pressure tax has a negative impact on economic growth in the countries under analysis, with a significance level of 1%, that is, increasing the tax burden by 1 percentage point decreases economic growth between 0,412 and 0,429 percentage points. Progressivity, on the other hand, has no statistically relevant impact on economic growth.
This research focus tries to understand the impacts on economic growth given by the fiscal average pressure and the variation of progressive tax rates. How the central government, through fiscal policy, can directly affect the various economic agents. For this, we use economic panel data for Greece, Italy, Ireland, Portugal and Spain (GIIPS) over the period from 1980 to 2020, in 5 years’ time series. We conclude that the average fiscal pressure tax has a negative impact on economic growth in the countries under analysis, with a significance level of 1%, that is, increasing the tax burden by 1 percentage point decreases economic growth between 0,412 and 0,429 percentage points. Progressivity, on the other hand, has no statistically relevant impact on economic growth.
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Progressividade Crescimento económico Taxa marginal de imposto Taxa média imposto Progressivity Economic growth Marginal taxes and averages taxes