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Abstract(s)
Portugal era, até ao ano de 2019, considerado como um caso excecional na Europa, no que
diz respeito à penetração de partidos políticos populistas na agenda política nacional.
Em 2019, aquando da formação do partido político Chega! e da afirmação do líder desta
organização, André Ventura, este cenário alterou-se. A permeabilidade de ideias,
historicamente vinculadas aos partidos e movimentos populistas, sobretudo os de cariz
ideológico de extrema-direita, começou a surgir, com maior recorrência, no debate público
nacional. Os partidos e movimentos populistas traduzem-se pela expressão de sentimentos
nacionalistas, sentimentos discriminatórios para com minorias étnicas, ideologias
económicas liberais e, sobretudo, pela adoção de uma postura completamente distinta dos
demais políticos, uma postura denotada pelo emprego de táticas performativas nãoconformistas, que não seguem, digamos, o “politicamente correto”.
Nesta dissertação parte-se do pressuposto de que a etnia cigana corresponde ao grupo alvo
de maior discriminação por parte de André Ventura.
Nesse sentido, este trabalho procura estudar se, de facto, a performance política e mediática
de André Ventura tem um cariz discriminatório para com as pessoas ciganas portuguesas,
através do estudo e análise do discurso mediático empregue por este líder político aquando
da referência aos ciganos portugueses.
Pretende-se ainda compreender se as comunidades ciganas se sentem discriminadas pelo
discurso de André Ventura e do Chega!. Para tal aplicou-se um questionário a pessoas de
origem cigana. Esta abordagem metodológica procurou ainda entender se se registam
quaisquer alterações nos padrões de vida e dimensões de integração social desta comunidade
minoritária em Portugal, a partir do momento em que este ator e partido político se afirmaram
em Portugal.
Portugal was, until the year of 2019, considered to be an exceptional case in Europe with regard to the penetration of populist political parties in the national political agenda. In 2019, at the time of the formation of the political party Chega! and the affirmation of the leader of this organization, André Ventura, this scenario changed. The permeability of ideas, historically linked to populist parties and movements, especially those of an ideological farright nature, began to appear, with greater recurrence, in the national public debate. Populist parties and movements are characterized by the expression of nationalist sentiments, discriminatory sentiments towards ethnic minorities, liberal economic ideologies and, above all, by the adoption of a completely distinct stance from other politicians, a stance denoted by the use of non-conformist performative tactics, which do not follow, let us say, "political correctness". This dissertation is based on the assumption that the Roma ethnic group corresponds to the target group of greater discrimination by André Ventura. In this sense, this paper seeks to study if, in fact, the political and media performance of André Ventura has a discriminatory character towards Portuguese Roma, through the study and analysis of the media discourse used by this political leader when referring to Portuguese Roma. It also aims to understand whether gypsy communities feel discriminated against by the discourse of André Ventura and Chega!. To this end, a questionnaire was applied to individuals of Roma origin. This methodological approach also sought to understand whether there have been any changes in the living standards and social integration dimensions of this minority community in Portugal since the moment this actor and political party established themselves in Portugal.
Portugal was, until the year of 2019, considered to be an exceptional case in Europe with regard to the penetration of populist political parties in the national political agenda. In 2019, at the time of the formation of the political party Chega! and the affirmation of the leader of this organization, André Ventura, this scenario changed. The permeability of ideas, historically linked to populist parties and movements, especially those of an ideological farright nature, began to appear, with greater recurrence, in the national public debate. Populist parties and movements are characterized by the expression of nationalist sentiments, discriminatory sentiments towards ethnic minorities, liberal economic ideologies and, above all, by the adoption of a completely distinct stance from other politicians, a stance denoted by the use of non-conformist performative tactics, which do not follow, let us say, "political correctness". This dissertation is based on the assumption that the Roma ethnic group corresponds to the target group of greater discrimination by André Ventura. In this sense, this paper seeks to study if, in fact, the political and media performance of André Ventura has a discriminatory character towards Portuguese Roma, through the study and analysis of the media discourse used by this political leader when referring to Portuguese Roma. It also aims to understand whether gypsy communities feel discriminated against by the discourse of André Ventura and Chega!. To this end, a questionnaire was applied to individuals of Roma origin. This methodological approach also sought to understand whether there have been any changes in the living standards and social integration dimensions of this minority community in Portugal since the moment this actor and political party established themselves in Portugal.
Description
Keywords
Populismo Extrema-direita Ciganofobia Discriminação Segregação Populism Far-right Gypsyphobia Discrimination Segregation