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Nesta dissertação aborda-se a figura dos administradores de facto no direito societário português, a sua a motivação e responsabilidade. Ainda que a figura não esteja expressamente prevista no Código das Sociedades Comerciais está prevista no Código Penal e no Código de Insolvência e Recuperação de Empresas, pelo que é passível considerar-se a sua responsabilidade perante a sociedade e os credores, de acordo com a reunião cumulativa de um conjunto de critérios doutrinais que visam apurar a responsabilidade de quem participa na gestão societária sem estar formalmente investido. Analisam-se as formas de atuação dos administradores não legitimados, assim como um conjunto de soluções para proteger os terceiros de boa fé que sejam prejudicados pela conduta dos administradores de facto quando se vejam prejudicados por terem confiado numa representação de poderes aparente. Por ser evidente a presença dos administradores de facto no ordenamento jurídico ainda que, em certos casos, atuem mediante os administradores de direito, a verdade é que a sua atuação produz efeitos jurídicos externos, afigurando-se necessária uma regulamentação mais precisa e rigorosa que permita o reconhecimento legal desta figura de modo a facilitar a aplicação da responsabilidade civil e evitar condutas prejudiciais à sociedade e terceiros.
In this dissertation, the role of de facto administrators in Portuguese corporate law is addressed, along with their motivation and responsibility. Although this figure is not explicitly provided for in the Commercial Companies Code, it is included in the Penal Code and the Insolvency and Corporate Recovery Code. Thus, their responsibility towards the company and its creditors can be considered, based on a cumulative set of doctrinal criteria aimed at determining the liability of those who participate in corporate management without being formally invested. The actions of illegitimate administrators are analyzed, as well as a set of solutions to protect bona fide third parties who are harmed by the conduct of de facto administrators when they suffer damage from relying on an apparent representation of authority. Since de facto administrators clearly exist within the legal framework, even when they sometimes operate through official administrators, their actions still have legal implications. Therefore, it is essential to establish more detailed and strict regulations to legally recognize these administrators. This would help in applying civil liability and preventing actions that could harm society and third parties.
In this dissertation, the role of de facto administrators in Portuguese corporate law is addressed, along with their motivation and responsibility. Although this figure is not explicitly provided for in the Commercial Companies Code, it is included in the Penal Code and the Insolvency and Corporate Recovery Code. Thus, their responsibility towards the company and its creditors can be considered, based on a cumulative set of doctrinal criteria aimed at determining the liability of those who participate in corporate management without being formally invested. The actions of illegitimate administrators are analyzed, as well as a set of solutions to protect bona fide third parties who are harmed by the conduct of de facto administrators when they suffer damage from relying on an apparent representation of authority. Since de facto administrators clearly exist within the legal framework, even when they sometimes operate through official administrators, their actions still have legal implications. Therefore, it is essential to establish more detailed and strict regulations to legally recognize these administrators. This would help in applying civil liability and preventing actions that could harm society and third parties.
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Administradores de facto Modos de atuação Representação aparente Responsabilidade civil De facto administrators Mode of operation Apparent representation Civil responsability