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Qualidade de vida em saúde oral em pacientes desdentados parciais reabilitados com prótese removível, prótese fixa convencional e prótese fixa sobre implantes
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: O envelhecimento demográfico está associado a uma maior necessidade de reabilitação oral. A reabilitação dos espaços edêntulos é fundamental para restaurar a função e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Objetivos: Analisar o impacto da reabilitação oral na qualidade de vida de pacientes reabilitados com diferentes tipos de prótese: prótese removível, prótese fixa convencional e prótese fixa implanto-suportada. Avaliar se cada tipo de reabilitação oral melhora aspetos físicos (capacidade mastigatória), emocionais (autoestima) e sociais (vida social). Identificar as dificuldades mais comuns enfrentadas pelos pacientes. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal com uma amostra de 92 pacientes reabilitados com prótese removível, prótese fixa convencional e prótese fixa implanto-suportada na Clínica Dentária Universitária da Universidade Católica Portuguesa. Foram recolhidos dados sociodemográficos e tipo de desdentação, tendo sido aplicados questionários específicos (OHIP-14 e QSPM). Os dados foram processados e analisados com recurso ao software SPSS 26.0. Resultados: Os participantes foram submetidos a reabilitações parciais e totais, sendo igualmente frequente a occorencia de reabilitação bimaxilar. Não se verificaram associações estatisticamente significativas entre os dados sociodemográficos (sexo, idade) e o tipo de reabilitação realizada. De um modo geral, os pacientes mostraram-se satisfeitos com as suas reabilitações, independentemente do tipo de prótese utilizada. Foram identificadas queixas pontuais, sobretudo relacionadas com a mastigação, fonação e episódios de dor ou desconforto na cavidade oral, mais prevalentes entre os utilizadores de prótese removível. Estes resultados reforçam que a reabilitação oral, especialmente com próteses fixas ou sobre implantes (PSI), tende a proporcionar níveis superiores de conforto e satisfação, contribuindo positivamente para a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Conclusão: A reabilitação oral teve um impacto positivo na qualidade de vida dos pacientes, especialmente entre aqueles com prótese fixa convencional e prótese sobre implantes. Foram observadas melhorias na mastigação, na autoestima e na interação social. As principais dificuldades relatadas envolveram desconforto e adaptação, mais frequentes entre os usuários de prótese removível. Ressalta-se, contudo, que a interpretação dos resultados deve considerar as limitações amostrais, sobretudo quanto ao número reduzido de participantes e à distribuição não uniforme entre os grupos analisados.
Introduction: Demographic aging is associated with an increased need for oral rehabilitation. The rehabilitation of edentulous spaces is essential to restore function and improve patients' quality of life. Objectives: To analyze the impact of oral rehabilitation on the quality of life of patients rehabilitated with different types of prostheses: removable prostheses, conventional fixed prostheses, and implant-supported fixed prostheses. To assess whether each type of oral rehabilitation improves physical aspects (chewing ability), emotional aspects (self-esteem), and social aspects (social life). To identify the most common difficulties faced by patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with a sample of 92 patients rehabilitated with removable prostheses, conventional fixed prostheses, and implant-supported fixed prostheses at the University Dental Clinic of the Universidade Católica Portuguesa. Sociodemographic data and type of edentulism were collected, and specific questionnaires (OHIP-14 and QSPM) were administered. Data were processed and analyzed using SPSS software version 26.0. Results: Participants underwent both partial and total rehabilitations, with bimaxillary rehabilitation being equally frequent. No statistically significant associations were found between sociodemographic variables (sex, age) and the type of rehabilitation performed. In general, patients reported satisfaction with their rehabilitations, regardless of the type of prosthesis used. Occasional complaints were identified, mainly related to chewing, speech, and episodes of pain or discomfort in the oral cavity, which were more prevalent among users of removable prostheses. These findings reinforce that oral rehabilitation—especially with fixed or implant-supported prostheses—tends to provide higher levels of comfort and satisfaction, positively contributing to patients' quality of life. Conclusion: Oral rehabilitation had a positive impact on patients' quality of life, particularly among those treated with conventional fixed prostheses and implant-supported prostheses. Improvements were observed in masticatory function, self-esteem, and social interaction. The most frequently reported difficulties involved discomfort and adaptation, especially among removable denture users. However, the interpretation of these findings should take into account the sample limitations, particularly the small number of participants and the uneven distribution among the prosthetic groups.
Introduction: Demographic aging is associated with an increased need for oral rehabilitation. The rehabilitation of edentulous spaces is essential to restore function and improve patients' quality of life. Objectives: To analyze the impact of oral rehabilitation on the quality of life of patients rehabilitated with different types of prostheses: removable prostheses, conventional fixed prostheses, and implant-supported fixed prostheses. To assess whether each type of oral rehabilitation improves physical aspects (chewing ability), emotional aspects (self-esteem), and social aspects (social life). To identify the most common difficulties faced by patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with a sample of 92 patients rehabilitated with removable prostheses, conventional fixed prostheses, and implant-supported fixed prostheses at the University Dental Clinic of the Universidade Católica Portuguesa. Sociodemographic data and type of edentulism were collected, and specific questionnaires (OHIP-14 and QSPM) were administered. Data were processed and analyzed using SPSS software version 26.0. Results: Participants underwent both partial and total rehabilitations, with bimaxillary rehabilitation being equally frequent. No statistically significant associations were found between sociodemographic variables (sex, age) and the type of rehabilitation performed. In general, patients reported satisfaction with their rehabilitations, regardless of the type of prosthesis used. Occasional complaints were identified, mainly related to chewing, speech, and episodes of pain or discomfort in the oral cavity, which were more prevalent among users of removable prostheses. These findings reinforce that oral rehabilitation—especially with fixed or implant-supported prostheses—tends to provide higher levels of comfort and satisfaction, positively contributing to patients' quality of life. Conclusion: Oral rehabilitation had a positive impact on patients' quality of life, particularly among those treated with conventional fixed prostheses and implant-supported prostheses. Improvements were observed in masticatory function, self-esteem, and social interaction. The most frequently reported difficulties involved discomfort and adaptation, especially among removable denture users. However, the interpretation of these findings should take into account the sample limitations, particularly the small number of participants and the uneven distribution among the prosthetic groups.
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Prótese removível Prótese fixa Prótese sobre implantes Qualidade de vida Saúde oral Removable prosthesis Fixed prosthesis Implant-supported prosthesis Quality of life Oral health
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