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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A violência por parceiro íntimo (VPI), no presente estudo, refere-se às situações de
violência nas relações de intimidade, independentemente do tipo de relação, perpetuada
pelo companheiro durante a gravidez. A dimensão deste fenómeno a nível mundial e as
consequências sobre a saúde da mulher, fetal e neonatal são conhecidas, as quais apelam a
políticas de intervenção para a minimização do problema. Em Portugal dão-se os primeiros
passos para o rastreio sistemático da VPI durante a gravidez, para capacitar as equipas de
saúde e adequar as intervenções. Contudo, a verdadeira dimensão deste fenómeno durante
a gravidez ainda está por conhecer, para a qual contribuiu este estudo. Realizou-se um
estudo da prevalência de VPI durante a gravidez na Região Centro de Portugal, colhendo
dados através de um questionário aplicado a 1342 puérperas, internadas em hospitais de
apoio perinatal e apoio perinatal diferenciado. A VPI foi operacionalizada através da CTS2
versão portuguesa (CTS15) com cinco dimensões: negociação, agressão psicológica, abuso
físico sem sequelas, coerção sexual, abuso físico com sequelas. Para caracterizar as
mulheres expostas a VPI durante a gravidez colheram-se dados demográficos, da história
reprodutiva, da gravidez recente e da evolução perinatal, que permitiram o estudo da
relação/associação entre as diferentes variáveis e a VPI. Os resultados evidenciaram que a
VPI é uma realidade na Região Centro, sobressaindo alterações no padrão de negociação
dentro da relação, no período de gravidez. De entre os fatores demográficos sobressaiu o
nível de escolaridade da mulher, o desemprego, baixo rendimento e história anterior de
violência familiar, com associação significativa à presença de VPI durante a gravidez.
Relativamente à história reprodutiva, a evidência revelou maior probabilidade de VPI em
mulheres com maior número de gestações, mas menor em mulheres com história de
Ameaça de Parto Pré-Termo e Parto Pré-Termo anterior. Os resultados evidenciam a
tendência ao não planeamento da gestação, com tendência para a procura de consultas prénatais
dependendo da natureza dos atos de agressão, verificando-se a procura precoce da
vigilância de saúde nas situações de abuso físico. Quanto aos comportamentos de saúde na
gravidez, foi possível encontrar associação entre a VPI e o tabagismo e consumo de álcool, por
parte das participantes do estudo. Não foi possível concluir quanto aos resultados perinatais.
Os resultados do estudo complementam o conhecimento até ao momento disponível em
Portugal sobre a VPI na gravidez, contribuem para a melhoria da qualidade dos cuidados de
saúde, para orientar o ensino de Enfermagem e para produzir novas investigações.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) in the present study, refers to situations of violence in intimate relationships, regardless of the type of relationship perpetuated by the companion during pregnancy. The scale of this phenomenon worldwide and the consequences on women's, fetal and neonatal health are known, which call for intervention policies to minimize the problem. In Portugal, the first steps are taken to systematically screen IPV during pregnancy, to train health teams and to tailor interventions. However, the true extent of this phenomenon during pregnancy is yet to be known, to which this study contributed. A study of the prevalence of IPV during pregnancy in the Central Region of Portugal was carried out, collecting data through a questionnaire applied to 1342 puerperal women admitted to perinatal support hospitals and to differential perinatal support. The IPV was operated through the CTS2 Portuguese version (CTS15) with five dimensions: negotiation, psychological aggression, physical abuse without sequels, sexual coercion and physical abuse with sequels. To characterize women exposed to IPV during pregnancy, demographic, reproductive history, recent pregnancy and perinatal evolution data were collected, allowing the study of the relationship/association between the different variables and IPV. The results showed that IPV is a reality in the Central Region, with intense changes in the pattern of negotiation within the relationship during pregnancy. Among the demographic fators, women's level of education, unemployment, low income and previous history of family violence stood out, with a significant association with the presence of IPV during pregnancy. Regarding reproductive history, the evidence revealed a higher probability of IPV in women with higher number of pregnancies, but lower in women with a history of preterm delivery and previous preterm delivery. The results show the tendency to not planning pregnancy, with a tendency to seek prenatal consultations depending on the nature of the acts of aggression, checking the early search of health surveillance in situations of physical abuse. As for health behaviors in pregnancy, it was possible to find an association between IPV and smoking and alcohol consumption, by the study participants. It was not possible to conclude on perinatal outcomes. The results of the study complement the knowledge available so far in Portugal about IPV in pregnancy, contribute to the improvement of the quality of health care, to guide nursing teaching and to produce new research.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) in the present study, refers to situations of violence in intimate relationships, regardless of the type of relationship perpetuated by the companion during pregnancy. The scale of this phenomenon worldwide and the consequences on women's, fetal and neonatal health are known, which call for intervention policies to minimize the problem. In Portugal, the first steps are taken to systematically screen IPV during pregnancy, to train health teams and to tailor interventions. However, the true extent of this phenomenon during pregnancy is yet to be known, to which this study contributed. A study of the prevalence of IPV during pregnancy in the Central Region of Portugal was carried out, collecting data through a questionnaire applied to 1342 puerperal women admitted to perinatal support hospitals and to differential perinatal support. The IPV was operated through the CTS2 Portuguese version (CTS15) with five dimensions: negotiation, psychological aggression, physical abuse without sequels, sexual coercion and physical abuse with sequels. To characterize women exposed to IPV during pregnancy, demographic, reproductive history, recent pregnancy and perinatal evolution data were collected, allowing the study of the relationship/association between the different variables and IPV. The results showed that IPV is a reality in the Central Region, with intense changes in the pattern of negotiation within the relationship during pregnancy. Among the demographic fators, women's level of education, unemployment, low income and previous history of family violence stood out, with a significant association with the presence of IPV during pregnancy. Regarding reproductive history, the evidence revealed a higher probability of IPV in women with higher number of pregnancies, but lower in women with a history of preterm delivery and previous preterm delivery. The results show the tendency to not planning pregnancy, with a tendency to seek prenatal consultations depending on the nature of the acts of aggression, checking the early search of health surveillance in situations of physical abuse. As for health behaviors in pregnancy, it was possible to find an association between IPV and smoking and alcohol consumption, by the study participants. It was not possible to conclude on perinatal outcomes. The results of the study complement the knowledge available so far in Portugal about IPV in pregnancy, contribute to the improvement of the quality of health care, to guide nursing teaching and to produce new research.
Description
Keywords
Violência Violência por parceiro íntimo Gravidez Enfermagem Violence Intimate partner violence Pregnancy Nursing