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O programa ‘Primeiros Socorros Psicológicos para Heróis’ tem como objetivo principal a prevenção do comportamento bystander e a promoção de comportamentos proativos e pró-sociais em situações de crise e emergência. Relativamente ao objetivo desta investigação, pretende-se avaliar a eficácia deste programa no que diz respeito à promoção de empatia. A amostra do estudo está composta por 142 crianças, de ambos os sexos a frequentar o quarto ano do 1º ciclo do ensino básico. Para a recolha de dados foi aplicada da Escala de Avaliação da Empatia (Veiga & Santos, 2011), antes (pré-teste) e após (pós-teste) o programa. Foi também administrado um teste de conhecimentos acerca dos conteúdos do programa. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que as crianças desta faixa etária têm um nível de empatia afetiva superior em relação à empatia cognitiva. Além disso, não se verificaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as pontuações obtidas nas escalas de empatia afetiva e cognitiva antes e após a intervenção, exeto em dois itens da empatia cognitiva. Além do mais, não foram observadas diferenças significativas da empatia afetiva e cognitiva em função do género. No que concerne ao teste de conhecimentos, evidenciamos diferenças significativas em função do género; concretamente as raparigas, obtiveram médias superiores às dos rapazes.
The 'Psychological First Aid for Heroes' program has as its main objective the prevention of bystander behaviour and the promotion of proactive and pro-social behaviours in crisis and emergency situations. Regarding the aim of this research, it is intended to evaluate the effectiveness of this programme with regard to the promotion of empathy. The study sample is composed of 142 children of both sexes attending the fourth year of primary school. For data collection, the Empathy Evaluation Scale (Veiga & Santos, 2011) was applied before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the program. In addition, a test on the knowledge about the program contents was administered. The results obtained demonstrate that children in this age group have a higher level of affective empathy than cognitive empathy. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences between the scores obtained on the affective and cognitive empathy scales before and after the intervention, except for two items of cognitive empathy. Furthermore, no significant gender differences in affective and cognitive empathy were observed. With regard to the knowledge test, we found significant differences in terms of gender; girls, in particular, had higher averages than boys.
The 'Psychological First Aid for Heroes' program has as its main objective the prevention of bystander behaviour and the promotion of proactive and pro-social behaviours in crisis and emergency situations. Regarding the aim of this research, it is intended to evaluate the effectiveness of this programme with regard to the promotion of empathy. The study sample is composed of 142 children of both sexes attending the fourth year of primary school. For data collection, the Empathy Evaluation Scale (Veiga & Santos, 2011) was applied before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the program. In addition, a test on the knowledge about the program contents was administered. The results obtained demonstrate that children in this age group have a higher level of affective empathy than cognitive empathy. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences between the scores obtained on the affective and cognitive empathy scales before and after the intervention, except for two items of cognitive empathy. Furthermore, no significant gender differences in affective and cognitive empathy were observed. With regard to the knowledge test, we found significant differences in terms of gender; girls, in particular, had higher averages than boys.
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Primeiros socorros psicológicos Heroísmo Empatia afetiva Empatia cognitiva Psychological first aid Heroism Heroic imagination project Affective empathy Cognitive empathy