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Abstract(s)
Introdução: A diabetes mellitus (DM) é um grupo de distúrbios metabólicos caracterizados pelo aumento dos níveis de glicose no sangue. A cavidade oral do paciente diabético apresenta condições favoráveis ao aparecimento de complicações. A maior suscetibilidade para a cárie dentária na diabetes é baseada em vários fatores de risco como modificações no fluxo e composição salivar, e o baixo controlo metabólico. A doença periodontal é a principal complicação oral da diabetes, sendo considerada a sua sexta maior complicação.
Objetivo: Caraterizar a saúde oral de um grupo de doentes com DM e avaliar a associação existente entre o nível de saúde oral e a duração da doença, o nível de controlo glicémico e as suas complicações.
Materiais e Métodos: Estudo observacional onde foi aplicado um questionário a 64 adultos pertencentes à USFAM, dos quais 38 estavam diagnosticados com diabetes mellitus. A história médica foi posteriormente corroborada pela consulta do processo clínico. Realizou-se uma observação intra-oral com avaliação do índice CPOD, IPC e higiene oral.
Resultados: No estudo prevaleceu o género feminino (51,6%), com idade média de 63,6 anos e hábitos de escovagem de 1,7 vezes ao dia. Verificou-se associação estatisticamente significativa entre: a DM e o número de sextantes saudáveis (p=6,3x10-8) ou com bolsas ≥6mm (p=0,0001); tempo de evolução da doença e número de sextantes saudáveis (p=2x10-6) ou com bolsas ≥6mm (p=2,3x10-7); baixo controlo glicémico e a presença de bolsas patológicas (p=0,031); complicações microvasculares e a presença de placa (p=0,016). O grupo com DM apresentou um CPOD e um índice de placa bacteriana semelhante ao grupo sem diabetes. As complicações macrovasculares não apresentaram uma relação significativa.
Conclusões: Foi verificada a relação da doença periodontal com a diabetes mellitus, o mau controlo glicémico e a evolução da doença. Em relação à cárie dentária não foi encontrada nenhuma relação estatisticamente significativa.
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by increased blood glucose levels. The oral cavity of the diabetic patient presents favorable conditions for the development of complications. The highest susceptibility to dental caries in diabetes is based on several risk factors such as changes in salivary flow and composition, and low metabolic control. Periodontal disease is the sixth most frequent complication of diabetes and the main oral complication of this disease. Objective: To characterize the oral health of a group of patients with DM. To evaluate the association between the quality of oral health and duration of the DM, its complications and glycemic control. Materials and Methods: An observational clinical study was performed, in which a questionnaire was applied to 64 adults followed by USFAM (a primary care center), of whom 38 were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. The medical history was later corroborated by the consultation of the clinical process. An intra-oral observation was performed using the DMFT index, the Community Periodontal Index and oral hygiene. Results: In the study, the average age was of 63.6 years, with a toothbrush use of 1.7 times a day. The female gender prevailed (51.6%). There was a statistically significant association between: DM and the number of healthy sextants (p=6.3x10-8) or with pocket ≥6mm (p=0.0001); time of disease evolution and number of healthy sextants (p=2x10-6) or with pocket ≥6mm (p=2.3x10-7); low glycemic control and pathological pockets (p=0.031); microvascular complications and presence of plaque (p=0.016). The DM group presented a DMFT and plaque index similar to the group without diabetes. Macrovascular complications did not present a significant association. Conclusions: It was verified the relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus, poor glycemic control and disease progression of periodontal disease. No statistically significant relationship was found between dental caries and diabetes mellitus.
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by increased blood glucose levels. The oral cavity of the diabetic patient presents favorable conditions for the development of complications. The highest susceptibility to dental caries in diabetes is based on several risk factors such as changes in salivary flow and composition, and low metabolic control. Periodontal disease is the sixth most frequent complication of diabetes and the main oral complication of this disease. Objective: To characterize the oral health of a group of patients with DM. To evaluate the association between the quality of oral health and duration of the DM, its complications and glycemic control. Materials and Methods: An observational clinical study was performed, in which a questionnaire was applied to 64 adults followed by USFAM (a primary care center), of whom 38 were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. The medical history was later corroborated by the consultation of the clinical process. An intra-oral observation was performed using the DMFT index, the Community Periodontal Index and oral hygiene. Results: In the study, the average age was of 63.6 years, with a toothbrush use of 1.7 times a day. The female gender prevailed (51.6%). There was a statistically significant association between: DM and the number of healthy sextants (p=6.3x10-8) or with pocket ≥6mm (p=0.0001); time of disease evolution and number of healthy sextants (p=2x10-6) or with pocket ≥6mm (p=2.3x10-7); low glycemic control and pathological pockets (p=0.031); microvascular complications and presence of plaque (p=0.016). The DM group presented a DMFT and plaque index similar to the group without diabetes. Macrovascular complications did not present a significant association. Conclusions: It was verified the relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus, poor glycemic control and disease progression of periodontal disease. No statistically significant relationship was found between dental caries and diabetes mellitus.
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Keywords
Diabetes Mellitus Saúde oral Doença periodontal Cárie dentária Oral health Periodontal disease Dental caries