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O objectivo central desta tese é conhecer a influência das práticas mediáticas nos modos de envelhecer e na qualidade de vida. Partiu-se do conceito central de Envelhecimento Activo (OMS, 2002), segundo o qual devemos promover as oportunidades que possam melhorar a qualidade de vida durante o envelhecimento. A teoria das Práticas de Media (Couldry, 2003) permitiu compreender melhor o modo como os media, e em especial os «novos» media, se articulam com as práticas diárias dos mais velhos, contribuindo para a produção de um sentido para o seu quotidiano. A minha tese é a de que as trajectórias de vida activa, a qualidade de vida nas suas várias dimensões e as práticas mediáticas contribuem para diferentes modos de envelhecer. A pesquisa empírica foi desenvolvida através de entrevistas biográficas a 4 homens e 8 mulheres, com idades compreendidas entre os 78 e os 91 anos, com diferentes graus de escolaridade e provenientes de diferentes meios (rural e urbano) e classes sociais. Os entrevistados residiam em contextos de institucionalização distintos (em modalidade de lar ou de centro de dia) em duas residências na área metrolopitana de Lisboa, que tiveram maior ou menor contacto e utilização das novas tecnologias. Esta escolha justifica-se por se partir da hipótese de que diferentes contextos, significados e experiências de vida levam a distintos processos de envelhecimento. A partir da análise empírica, chegou-se a uma tipologia dos modos de envelhecer, baseada em três dos eixos analisados: o das trajectórias de vida activa, o da qualidade de vida e o das práticas de media de cada um dos entrevistados. Foram identificados 3 modos distintos de envelhecer, conforme a trajectória de vida activa (se se prolonga depois da idade da reforma, apenas até à idade limite da reforma ou se termina antes da idade da reforma); a qualidade de vida, medida em autonomia e independência (independentes, semi-independentes e dependentes) e as práticas mediáticas (utilizadores e entusiastas, entusiastas mas não utilizadores e ultrapassados).
In this thesis, the main objective is to know the influence of the media practices on modes of ageing and on quality of life. We started from the concept of Active Ageing (WHO, 2002), whereby we shall promote the opportunities which can improve quality of life on ageing. Media Practices theory (Couldry, 2003) allowed us understanding the way that media, and especially the «new» media, articulates with practices of the elderly, giving a meaning for their everyday life. The main thesis is that life course, quality of life on its various dimensions and media practices contribute for different ways of ageing. Empirical search was developed with biographic interviews to 4 men and 8 women, aged between 78 and 91, with different scholling and from different context (rural and urban) and social classes. The respondents were living in different institutionalizational contexts (residence or day center) in two residences in the area of Lisbon, and had more or less contact and use of new technologies. This choice was made because we believe that different contexts, meanings and life experiences turn into distincts processes of ageing. From the emphirical analyses, we reached a typology of different ways of ageing, based on three axes: active life courses, quality of life and media practices of each of the respondents. We identified 3 different modes of ageing, according to the active life course (short, if it is finished before the retirement age; medium, if it is until the retirement age; long if it is finished after the retirement age); the quality of life, measured by autonomy and independence (independents, semi-independents and dependents) and the media practices (enthusiastic and users, enthusiastics but not users and the overpast).
In this thesis, the main objective is to know the influence of the media practices on modes of ageing and on quality of life. We started from the concept of Active Ageing (WHO, 2002), whereby we shall promote the opportunities which can improve quality of life on ageing. Media Practices theory (Couldry, 2003) allowed us understanding the way that media, and especially the «new» media, articulates with practices of the elderly, giving a meaning for their everyday life. The main thesis is that life course, quality of life on its various dimensions and media practices contribute for different ways of ageing. Empirical search was developed with biographic interviews to 4 men and 8 women, aged between 78 and 91, with different scholling and from different context (rural and urban) and social classes. The respondents were living in different institutionalizational contexts (residence or day center) in two residences in the area of Lisbon, and had more or less contact and use of new technologies. This choice was made because we believe that different contexts, meanings and life experiences turn into distincts processes of ageing. From the emphirical analyses, we reached a typology of different ways of ageing, based on three axes: active life courses, quality of life and media practices of each of the respondents. We identified 3 different modes of ageing, according to the active life course (short, if it is finished before the retirement age; medium, if it is until the retirement age; long if it is finished after the retirement age); the quality of life, measured by autonomy and independence (independents, semi-independents and dependents) and the media practices (enthusiastic and users, enthusiastics but not users and the overpast).
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Trajectórias de vida activa Individualização Envelhecimento activo Qualidade de vida Práticas mediáticas Active life course Individualization Active ageing Quality of life Media practices