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A relação entre vinculação e aliança terapêutica : uma perspetiva dos clientes
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Os padrões de vinculação, desenvolvidos a partir das primeiras experiências relacionais, influenciam a forma como os indivíduos se envolvem em relações interpessoais ao longo da vida, incluindo aquelas estabelecidas em contexto terapêutico. A aliança terapêutica, amplamente reconhecida como um fator central para o sucesso da psicoterapia, pode ser modulada pelo estilo de vinculação do cliente, influenciando a perceção de confiança, segurança e envolvimento no processo terapêutico. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar, a partir da perspetiva dos clientes, a relação entre diferentes estilos de vinculação e a qualidade da aliança terapêutica. Participaram no estudo 144 indivíduos, com idades compreendidas entre os 19 e os 60 anos (M = 34.43; DP = 9.61), que responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico, à Escala de Vinculação do Adulto e ao Inventário da Aliança Terapêutica – Versão Cliente. No que respeita às variáveis pessoais, os resultados evidenciaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas na qualidade da aliança terapêutica em função da frequência, duração e sistema em que os participantes realizaram psicoterapia. Adicionalmente, observaram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas na qualidade da vinculação de acordo com o estado civil, habilitações literárias e situação profissional. A relação entre a qualidade da vinculação e a qualidade da aliança terapêutica revelou-se positiva e estatisticamente significativa apenas para a dimensão Conforto com a proximidade e para a pontuação total da qualidade da vinculação. A análise das diferenças entre estilos de vinculação indicou que participantes com estilo de vinculação Amedrontado apresentaram níveis significativamente mais baixos de aliança terapêutica quando comparados com indivíduos com estilos Preocupado e Seguro. O modelo de regressão demonstrou ainda que a qualidade da vinculação constitui um preditor significativo da qualidade da aliança terapêutica, mesmo após o controlo de variáveis pessoais, como a frequência e o tempo de psicoterapia. No conjunto, os resultados salientam a proximidade emocional como um fator central na construção de alianças terapêuticas sólidas e eficazes. Embora algumas hipóteses tenham sido corroboradas, outras não obtiveram apoio estatístico, reforçando a necessidade de investigação futura que explore estes fenómenos em diferentes contextos e integrando variáveis adicionais.
Attachment patterns, developed from early relational experiences, influence the way individuals engage in interpersonal relationships throughout life, including those established in a therapeutic context. The therapeutic alliance, widely recognized as a central factor for the success of psychotherapy, may be shaped by the client’s attachment style, influencing perceptions of trust, security, and engagement in the therapeutic process. The present study aimed to investigate, from the clients’ perspective, the relationship between different attachment styles and the quality of the therapeutic alliance. The study included 144 participants aged between 19 and 60 years (M = 34.43; SD = 9.61), who completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Adult Attachment Scale, and the Working Alliance Inventory – Client Version. With regard to personal variables, the results revealed statistically significant differences in the quality of the therapeutic alliance according to the frequency, duration, and therapeutic setting in which participants engaged in psychotherapy. Additionally, statistically significant differences were observed in attachment quality according to marital status, educational level, and employment status. The relationship between attachment quality and therapeutic alliance quality was positive and statistically significant only for the dimension Comfort with Closeness and for the total attachment quality score. Analysis of differences between attachment styles indicated that participants with a Fearful attachment style reported significantly lower levels of therapeutic alliance compared to individuals with Preoccupied and Secure attachment styles. The regression model further demonstrated that attachment quality is a significant predictor of therapeutic alliance quality, even after controlling for personal variables such as psychotherapy frequency and duration. Overall, the findings highlight emotional closeness as a central factor in the development of strong and effective therapeutic alliances. Although some hypotheses were supported, others did not receive statistical support, reinforcing the need for future research to explore these phenomena in different contexts and to include additional variables.
Attachment patterns, developed from early relational experiences, influence the way individuals engage in interpersonal relationships throughout life, including those established in a therapeutic context. The therapeutic alliance, widely recognized as a central factor for the success of psychotherapy, may be shaped by the client’s attachment style, influencing perceptions of trust, security, and engagement in the therapeutic process. The present study aimed to investigate, from the clients’ perspective, the relationship between different attachment styles and the quality of the therapeutic alliance. The study included 144 participants aged between 19 and 60 years (M = 34.43; SD = 9.61), who completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Adult Attachment Scale, and the Working Alliance Inventory – Client Version. With regard to personal variables, the results revealed statistically significant differences in the quality of the therapeutic alliance according to the frequency, duration, and therapeutic setting in which participants engaged in psychotherapy. Additionally, statistically significant differences were observed in attachment quality according to marital status, educational level, and employment status. The relationship between attachment quality and therapeutic alliance quality was positive and statistically significant only for the dimension Comfort with Closeness and for the total attachment quality score. Analysis of differences between attachment styles indicated that participants with a Fearful attachment style reported significantly lower levels of therapeutic alliance compared to individuals with Preoccupied and Secure attachment styles. The regression model further demonstrated that attachment quality is a significant predictor of therapeutic alliance quality, even after controlling for personal variables such as psychotherapy frequency and duration. Overall, the findings highlight emotional closeness as a central factor in the development of strong and effective therapeutic alliances. Although some hypotheses were supported, others did not receive statistical support, reinforcing the need for future research to explore these phenomena in different contexts and to include additional variables.
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Vinculação adulta Aliança terapêutica Psicoterapia Adult attachment Therapeutic alliance Psychotherapy
Contexto Educativo
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Licença CC
Sem licença CC