| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.33 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Esta tese tem por objectivo a compreensão o estatuto ontológico do possível e do
necessário em São Tomás de Aquino, tal como eles se encontram presentes na terceira via
para a demonstração da existência de Deus da Suma de Teologia. A investigação divide-se
em duas partes, ordenando-se a primeira à segunda. A primeira parte investiga o estatuto
do possível e do necessário do ponto de vista da contingência, quer física quer metafísica.
Aborda, assim, a simplicidade e a composição do ente concreto enquanto raiz da sua
possibilidade ou necessidade, distinguindo contingência de dependência. A segunda parte
consiste numa análise da terceira via. Procede-se a uma contextualização desta no conjunto
das cinco, defendendo-se que a sua posterior inclusão na Suma de Teologia (pois na Suma
contra os Gentios não fora incluída nos argumentos demonstrativos da existência de Deus)
obedeceu à necessidade de incluir uma demonstração específica para a causa essendi.
Inserida precisamente no meio das cinco vias, a terceira torna-se no culminar das duas
primeiras, assumindo-se as duas restantes, na leitura proposta, como o seu desdobramento.
Propõe-se como interpretação global, tanto da primeira como da segunda parte, a seguinte
perspectiva: o possível, como contingente físico, e o necessário, seja por outro seja por si,
são apenas inteligíveis à luz da teoria platónica da participação, implicada na teoria da
causalidade que São Tomás recebe de Aristóteles.
This investigation aims to understand the ontological statute of the possible and the necessary in Saint Thomas Aquinas, as they present themselves on the third way to the demonstration of God’s existence of the Summa Theologiae. This work is divided in two parts, and the first must be understood as a preparation to the second part. The first part investigates the ontological statute of the possible and of the necessary from the point of view of contingency, in both dimensions, physical and metaphysical. This investigation analyses the simplicity and the composition of the concrete being as the root of its possibility or necessity, distinguishing contingency from dependence. The second part consists in an analysis of the third way. It shows that it has a function among the five ways; it proposes that its posterior inclusion in the Summa Theologiae (in fact, in the Summa contra Gentiles it was not included among the proofs of the existence of God) was the response to the necessity of the insertion of a specific demonstration concerning the causa essendi. Inserted precisely in the centre of the five ways, the third demonstration becomes the apex of two first while the fourth and fifth turn out to become its natural development. This investigation proposes a global interpretation of the first and of the second part, under the following perspective: the possible, as the physical contingent, and the necessary, per aliud or per se, are only intelligible under the light of the platonic theory of participation, which is implicit on the theory of causality that Saint Thomas inherited from Aristotle.
This investigation aims to understand the ontological statute of the possible and the necessary in Saint Thomas Aquinas, as they present themselves on the third way to the demonstration of God’s existence of the Summa Theologiae. This work is divided in two parts, and the first must be understood as a preparation to the second part. The first part investigates the ontological statute of the possible and of the necessary from the point of view of contingency, in both dimensions, physical and metaphysical. This investigation analyses the simplicity and the composition of the concrete being as the root of its possibility or necessity, distinguishing contingency from dependence. The second part consists in an analysis of the third way. It shows that it has a function among the five ways; it proposes that its posterior inclusion in the Summa Theologiae (in fact, in the Summa contra Gentiles it was not included among the proofs of the existence of God) was the response to the necessity of the insertion of a specific demonstration concerning the causa essendi. Inserted precisely in the centre of the five ways, the third demonstration becomes the apex of two first while the fourth and fifth turn out to become its natural development. This investigation proposes a global interpretation of the first and of the second part, under the following perspective: the possible, as the physical contingent, and the necessary, per aliud or per se, are only intelligible under the light of the platonic theory of participation, which is implicit on the theory of causality that Saint Thomas inherited from Aristotle.