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A presente dissertação aborda a temática do populismo e a sua relação com as redes sociais,
nomeadamente se as mesmas são ou não uma ferramenta essencial para a disseminação de
ideias populistas. Esta investigação foca-se no caso português de André Ventura e tem, por
base, a análise da sua página pessoal de Facebook entre o dia 26 de março e o dia 27 de
maio, no contexto da realização das eleições europeias de 2019.
O populismo é um tema já bastante estudado pela academia e que tem suscitado bastante
discussão. Tal como acontece com outros conceitos do ramo das ciências sociais, é bastante
complicado alcançar uma definição do conceito que seja consensual entre a maioria dos
autores. Contudo, e fruto da recente onda de movimentos populistas por todo o mundo, a
produção académica sobre o tema tem vindo a crescer exponencialmente e estamos hoje
mais perto de entender com maior precisão o que é o populismo.
Relativamente às redes sociais e à forma como as mesmas podem potenciar o populismo, o
conhecimento é ainda pouco aprofundado. O facto de estes canais de comunicação serem
ainda bastante recentes ajuda a explicar esta realidade. No entanto, nos últimos anos, foram
inúmeros os autores que se debruçaram sobre esta problemática e temos hoje mais dados
empíricos que nos ajudam a interpretar e perceber a relação entre o populismo e as redes
sociais.
No que concerne à realidade portuguesa, André Ventura é o primeiro caso daquilo que
podemos considerar ser um populista. A utilização de uma linguagem bélica e que
constantemente ataque às elites políticas, a invocação do povo e também o ataque a minorias
étnicas ou raciais enquadram-se naqueles que são os principais traços retóricos de um
populista.
Os resultados desta investigação confirmam que André Ventura utiliza uma linguagem
populista e a sua comunicação no Facebook apresenta traços dessa mesma retórica. Contudo,
e tal como já havia sido concluído por outros autores aquando do estudo de movimentos
populistas e da utilização que os mesmos fazem das redes sociais, os dados recolhidos
mostram-nos que o populismo aparece de forma fragmentada.
The present dissertation addresses the issue of populism and how it relates with social media, namely if it is or is not an essential tool for the spreading of populist ideas. This investigation focuses on the Portuguese case of André Ventura and it is based on the analysis of his personal Facebook page between March 26th and May 27th, on the context of the 2019 European elections. Populism is already widely studied by the academy and has raised lots of debate. Like other social sciences concepts, it is extremely complicated to reach a unanimous definition amongst most authors. However, due to the recent wave of populist movements around the world, the academic production about the subject has been growing exponentially and today we are closer to a more precise understanding of populism. In relation to social media and how they can potentiate populism, the knowledge is still shallow. The fact that this communication channels are still recent helps explaining this reality. Nevertheless, in recent years, countless authors have approached this topic and on this day, we are in possession of more empirical data that help us to interpret and understand the relation between populism and social media. Concerning the Portuguese reality, André Ventura is the primary case of what can be considered a populist. The use of an aggressive language and a constant attack on the political elite, the appeal to the people and also the attack on ethnical or racial minorities fit within the main rhetorical traits of a populist The results of this investigation confirm that André Ventura uses a populist language and his communication on Facebook incorporates traits of that same rhetoric. Yet, as has been concluded by other authors regarding studies about populism movement and its use of social media, the data collected show us that populism appears in a fragmented form
The present dissertation addresses the issue of populism and how it relates with social media, namely if it is or is not an essential tool for the spreading of populist ideas. This investigation focuses on the Portuguese case of André Ventura and it is based on the analysis of his personal Facebook page between March 26th and May 27th, on the context of the 2019 European elections. Populism is already widely studied by the academy and has raised lots of debate. Like other social sciences concepts, it is extremely complicated to reach a unanimous definition amongst most authors. However, due to the recent wave of populist movements around the world, the academic production about the subject has been growing exponentially and today we are closer to a more precise understanding of populism. In relation to social media and how they can potentiate populism, the knowledge is still shallow. The fact that this communication channels are still recent helps explaining this reality. Nevertheless, in recent years, countless authors have approached this topic and on this day, we are in possession of more empirical data that help us to interpret and understand the relation between populism and social media. Concerning the Portuguese reality, André Ventura is the primary case of what can be considered a populist. The use of an aggressive language and a constant attack on the political elite, the appeal to the people and also the attack on ethnical or racial minorities fit within the main rhetorical traits of a populist The results of this investigation confirm that André Ventura uses a populist language and his communication on Facebook incorporates traits of that same rhetoric. Yet, as has been concluded by other authors regarding studies about populism movement and its use of social media, the data collected show us that populism appears in a fragmented form
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Palavras-chave
Populismo Redes sociais Facebook Media Portugal André Ventura Populism Social media