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Abstract(s)
Enquadramento Teórico: A Memória Prospetiva (MP) refere-se à memória para atividades futuras. A avaliação deste tipo de memória é considerada útil na deteção precoce de formas subtis de demência, uma vez que o seu declínio é mais notório em indivíduos idosos, estando associada a capacidades cognitivas que deterioram com o processo de senescência (comportamento auto-iniciado), e por conseguinte capaz de prejudicar a autonomia dos indivíduos na execução das suas atividades de vida diária. A Reserva Cognitiva (RC), por outro lado, é considerada protetora de incidência de demência e de declínio cognitivo presente no envelhecimento normal, visto que esta refere-se à otimização do desempenho de tarefas através do uso de estratégias cognitivas e ao recrutamento de redes neuronais alternativas, resultantes da acumulação de experiências e de desafios intelectuais que os indivíduos têm ao longo da sua vida. Por conseguinte, neste estudo pretende-se avaliar o efeito protetor da RC na MP, e possivelmente abranger mais este efeito. Na mesma linha de pensamento, pretendeu-se também verificar se existe uma relação entre a MP e o número de Relações Sociais nos participantes, uma vez que o contacto social está associado à baixa mortalidade e baixa deterioração mental e física. Método: O processo de amostragem resultou numa amostra de conveniência, composta por 46 sujeitos saudáveis com idades compreendidas entre os 65 e os 84 anos. O protocolo consistiu na aplicação do Memory for Intentions Test (MIST), Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire (CRIq) e Lubben Social Network Scale (LNSN-6). Resultados: Os resultados sustentaram a ideia de que existe uma relação positiva entre o CRIq, tanto no desempenho do MIST como nas tarefas baseadas no tempo. A partir de uma regressão linear múltipla, verificou-se que das três componentes do CRIq, o trabalho é aquele que melhor explica o bom desempenho no MIST. Verificou-se uma relação entre o número de relações sociais e o CRIq, ao contrário do que foi observado no MIST. Discussão: A ausência de um efeito das Relações Sociais e o desempenho no MIST, poderá dever-se ao tipo de metodologia utilizada neste estudo, podendo ser possível a observação deste em estudos naturalísticos. No entanto, os resultados obtidos neste estudo, reforçam a ideia de que a RC não tem só um efeito protetor de patologias eminentes no envelhecimento, mas também no declínio cognitivo resultante do processo de senescência, ajudando a manter níveis de funcionalidade maiores, nomeadamente a manutenção da MP e comportamentos auto-iniciados (tarefas time-based). Através da análise dos diferentes proxies do CRIq, é possível sustentar que a RC é uma capacidade que se ganha com a acumulação de experiências e o seu efeito protetor está relacionado com os anos de ocupação profissional e o seu nível de exigência, comparativamente à escolaridade e à participação de atividades sociais.
Theoretical Background: Prospective Memory (PM) refers to memory for future intentions. The assessment of the this type of memory is considered useful in early screening of dementia, once it’s decline is more notorious in the elderly, being associated with cognitive abilities that deteriorate with the process of senescence (self initiated behavior) and therefore prejudice the autonomy of individuals in their execution of daily living activities. The Cognitive Reserve (CR), on the other hand, is considered protective of the incidence of dementia and the cognitive decline present in normal aging, since it refers to the optimization of performance in tasks by the use of cognitive strategies and recruitment of alternative neural networks obtained by the accumulation of lifelong personal experiences and intellectual challenges. Therefore, in this study the main goal is to assess the protective effect of CR on PM, and possibly strengthen its protective factor. On the same line of thought, this study also intended to confirm an association between PM and Social Relations in the participants, since social contact is related to low mortality and low mental and physical deterioration. Method: The sampling procedure resulted in a convenience sample composed of 46 healthy subjects between the ages of 65 and 84 years. The assessment protocol included the Memory for Intentions Test (MIST), Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire (CRIq) and Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS-6). Results: The results supported the idea that there is a positive correlation between the CRIq and the performance of MIST as well on the time-based tasks. A multiple linear regression showed that of the three proxies in the CRIq, the occupation was the one that better explained the good performance on MIST. The results also showed a correlation between Social Relations and the CRIq, as opposed to MIST. Discussion: The absence of the effect of Social Relations on the performance of MIST, might be due to the type of methodology used in this study, being this effect possibly observed in naturalistic studies. However, the results showed enhance the idea that CR not only has a protective effect on pathologies eminent in aging but also on cognitive decline resulted from the process of senescence, therefore helping to maintain high levels of functionality among the elderly, namely the maintenance of PM and self initiated behavior (time-based tasks). Through the analysis of the different proxies in the CRIq, is shown that the CR is a capacity that we gain with the accumulation of experiences and its protective effect is associated with the years of professional occupation and its level of exigency, comparatively with education and participation in social activities.
Theoretical Background: Prospective Memory (PM) refers to memory for future intentions. The assessment of the this type of memory is considered useful in early screening of dementia, once it’s decline is more notorious in the elderly, being associated with cognitive abilities that deteriorate with the process of senescence (self initiated behavior) and therefore prejudice the autonomy of individuals in their execution of daily living activities. The Cognitive Reserve (CR), on the other hand, is considered protective of the incidence of dementia and the cognitive decline present in normal aging, since it refers to the optimization of performance in tasks by the use of cognitive strategies and recruitment of alternative neural networks obtained by the accumulation of lifelong personal experiences and intellectual challenges. Therefore, in this study the main goal is to assess the protective effect of CR on PM, and possibly strengthen its protective factor. On the same line of thought, this study also intended to confirm an association between PM and Social Relations in the participants, since social contact is related to low mortality and low mental and physical deterioration. Method: The sampling procedure resulted in a convenience sample composed of 46 healthy subjects between the ages of 65 and 84 years. The assessment protocol included the Memory for Intentions Test (MIST), Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire (CRIq) and Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS-6). Results: The results supported the idea that there is a positive correlation between the CRIq and the performance of MIST as well on the time-based tasks. A multiple linear regression showed that of the three proxies in the CRIq, the occupation was the one that better explained the good performance on MIST. The results also showed a correlation between Social Relations and the CRIq, as opposed to MIST. Discussion: The absence of the effect of Social Relations on the performance of MIST, might be due to the type of methodology used in this study, being this effect possibly observed in naturalistic studies. However, the results showed enhance the idea that CR not only has a protective effect on pathologies eminent in aging but also on cognitive decline resulted from the process of senescence, therefore helping to maintain high levels of functionality among the elderly, namely the maintenance of PM and self initiated behavior (time-based tasks). Through the analysis of the different proxies in the CRIq, is shown that the CR is a capacity that we gain with the accumulation of experiences and its protective effect is associated with the years of professional occupation and its level of exigency, comparatively with education and participation in social activities.
Description
Keywords
Memória prospetiva Reserva cognitiva Relações sociais Envelhecimento normal Prospective memory Cognitive reserve Social relations Normal aging