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Abstract(s)
O presente trabalho pretende ser um contributo na área do direito da insolvência, mais concretamente no instituto da resolução em benefício da massa insolvente. Perante a insolvência do devedor, os credores deverão conseguir satisfazer integralmente os seus créditos, pelo que foi necessário instaurar um regime que os garanta. Assim, é fácil perceber a necessidade de existência do instituto da resolução em benefício da massa insolvente, pelo que pretendemos problematizar a possibilidade de o administrador da insolvência, sendo ele um terceiro ao negócio celebrado, resolver estes negócios celebrados pelo insolvente já numa fase crítica da sua vida. O que nos propomos a analisar é a possibilidade de o administrador da insolvência resolver um ato que foi celebrado em sede jurisdicional, isto é, aquando da instauração de uma ação executiva, por parte de um credor, e consequente adjudicação desse bem por um valor que seja ruinoso para o devedor (uma vez que não existiram outras propostas), se o administrador da insolvência pode resolver este ato. Face à generalizada e excessiva morosidade da ação executiva e de todas as consequências negativas que disso derivava, o legislador, em consequência de uma mudança incentivada por outros países europeus, adotou um modelo desjudicializado da ação executiva. Neste modelo, o Juiz deixou de ter um papel principal na ação executiva, passando este para um novo interveniente, o “agente de execução”, para o qual recai o poder de direção da ação executiva. Cabe dizer, que apesar desta transferência, o agente de execução é um profissional liberal, que exerce as suas funções nos termos do Estatuto da Ordem dos Solicitadores e do Agente de execução. Assim, cumpre escrutinar os argumentos que podem estar a favor e contra da resolução em benefício da massa insolvente de decisões em sede jurisdicional. E, partindo de afirmação positiva, a possibilidade de o administrador da insolvência utilizar um meio extrajudicial de resolução em benefício da massa de um ato jurisdicional.
This paper is intended as a contribution in insolvency law, more specifically in the institute of resolution for the benefit of the insolvent estate. In the insolvency of a debtor, creditors should be able to fully satisfy their claims, so it was necessary to establish a regime that guarantees them. Therefore, it is easy to understand the need for the existence of the institution of resolution for the benefit of the insolvent estate. We intend to discuss the possibility of the insolvency administrator, who is a third party to the business transacted, resolving this business transacted by the insolvent at a critical stage of his life. What we propose to analyze is whether the insolvency administrator may resolve an act that was entered into in a court of law, i.e., when a creditor commences an enforcement action and consequent adjudication of such property for an amount that is ruinous to the debtor (since there were no other bids), whether the insolvency administrator may resolve this act. In view of the widespread and excessive length of the executive action and all the negative consequences derived therefrom, the legislator, because of a change encouraged by other European countries, adopted a non-judicialized model of executive action. In this model, the Judge no longer has a leading role in the executive action, and this role has been transferred to a new actor, the "enforcement agent", to whom falls the power to direct the executive action. It should be noted that, despite this transfer, the enforcement agent is a liberal professional, who performs his duties under the Statute of the Order of the Solicitors and the Enforcement Agent. Thus, we must scrutinize the arguments that may be in favor and against the resolution for the benefit of the insolvent estate of judicial decisions. And, starting from a positive statement, the possibility of the insolvency administrator using an extrajudicial means of resolution for the benefit of the insolvent estate from a judicial act.
This paper is intended as a contribution in insolvency law, more specifically in the institute of resolution for the benefit of the insolvent estate. In the insolvency of a debtor, creditors should be able to fully satisfy their claims, so it was necessary to establish a regime that guarantees them. Therefore, it is easy to understand the need for the existence of the institution of resolution for the benefit of the insolvent estate. We intend to discuss the possibility of the insolvency administrator, who is a third party to the business transacted, resolving this business transacted by the insolvent at a critical stage of his life. What we propose to analyze is whether the insolvency administrator may resolve an act that was entered into in a court of law, i.e., when a creditor commences an enforcement action and consequent adjudication of such property for an amount that is ruinous to the debtor (since there were no other bids), whether the insolvency administrator may resolve this act. In view of the widespread and excessive length of the executive action and all the negative consequences derived therefrom, the legislator, because of a change encouraged by other European countries, adopted a non-judicialized model of executive action. In this model, the Judge no longer has a leading role in the executive action, and this role has been transferred to a new actor, the "enforcement agent", to whom falls the power to direct the executive action. It should be noted that, despite this transfer, the enforcement agent is a liberal professional, who performs his duties under the Statute of the Order of the Solicitors and the Enforcement Agent. Thus, we must scrutinize the arguments that may be in favor and against the resolution for the benefit of the insolvent estate of judicial decisions. And, starting from a positive statement, the possibility of the insolvency administrator using an extrajudicial means of resolution for the benefit of the insolvent estate from a judicial act.
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Keywords
Processo de insolvência Administrador da insolvência Resolução em benefício da massa insolvente Agente de execução Juiz de execução Decisões jurisdicionais Insolvency proceedings Insolvency administrator Resolution for the benefit of the insolvent estate Enforcement agent Enforcement judge Jurisdictional decisions