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O empreendedorismo tem sido alvo de estudo ao longo dos vários anos. Após a realização de uma revisão de literatura sobre o que é o empreendedorismo, características do empreendedor, startup e tudo o que a engloba, chegou-se à conclusão de que há uma questão por responder: Quais os fatores críticos que uma startup apresenta nas diferentes fases de criação? O propósito deste estudo é responder a esta questão utilizando o modelo de Reynolds et al. (2004) adaptado pela investigadora e acrescentando a quarta fase mencionada por Reynolds (2000). O modelo adaptado apresenta quatro fases (1-4), e três pontos de transição (I-III) entre cada fase, correspondem então a (1) Ideia; (I) Conceção; (2) Gestação; (II) Nascimento; (3) Infância; (III) Passagem; (4) Adolescência.
Para responder à questão de investigação foi seguida uma abordagem qualitativa recorrendo a um estudo de múltiplos casos entrevistando doze startups inseridas na incubadora UPTEC do Porto. Ao recolher os dados dessas entrevistas foi realizada uma análise comparativa às diferentes empresas, de modo a perceber os fatores que cada fundador mencionou na entrevista como críticos em cada uma das fases de criação da sua startup.
As conclusões do trabalho remetem para o facto dos fatores críticos serem na fase 1: estudo de mercado, necessidade de mercado, competências e atuação num nicho de mercado; na fase 2: desenvolvimento de um protótipo, equipa, validação da oportunidade de negócio, financiamento e planeamento; na fase 3: financiamento e equipa; e na fase 4: equipa, financiamento, parcerias e foco no cliente.
Entrepreneurship has been the scope of several studies over the years. A state-of-the-art focused on the definition of entrepreneurship, the entrepreneur characteristics, startup and its contents, allowed identifying a research question that remains to be answered: Which are the critical factors that a startup faces during its development phases? Therefore, this study aims at answering to this question by using an adapted version of the model of Reynolds et al. (2004) by this research’s author, where a fourth phase from Reynolds (2000) was also added. The adapted model has four phases (1-4) and three transition points (I-III) between each phase, where (1) corresponds to Idea; (I) to Conception; (2) to Gestation; (II) to Birth; (3) to Infancy; (III) to Passage; and (4) to Adolescence. In order to answer to the outlined research question, a qualitative approach through multiple case-studies was used. Twelve startups implanted on UPTED incubator in Oporto were interviewed. After data collection a comparative analysis between the interviewed companies was made, allowing to highlight the critical factors pointed out by each founder on the development of their startups. This research concluded that the main critical factors of phase 1 are market analysis, market needs, competence and playing in a market niche; of phase two are prototype development, team, validation of business opportunity; of phase 3 are financial support and team; and of phase 4 are team, financial support, partnership and client focus.
Entrepreneurship has been the scope of several studies over the years. A state-of-the-art focused on the definition of entrepreneurship, the entrepreneur characteristics, startup and its contents, allowed identifying a research question that remains to be answered: Which are the critical factors that a startup faces during its development phases? Therefore, this study aims at answering to this question by using an adapted version of the model of Reynolds et al. (2004) by this research’s author, where a fourth phase from Reynolds (2000) was also added. The adapted model has four phases (1-4) and three transition points (I-III) between each phase, where (1) corresponds to Idea; (I) to Conception; (2) to Gestation; (II) to Birth; (3) to Infancy; (III) to Passage; and (4) to Adolescence. In order to answer to the outlined research question, a qualitative approach through multiple case-studies was used. Twelve startups implanted on UPTED incubator in Oporto were interviewed. After data collection a comparative analysis between the interviewed companies was made, allowing to highlight the critical factors pointed out by each founder on the development of their startups. This research concluded that the main critical factors of phase 1 are market analysis, market needs, competence and playing in a market niche; of phase two are prototype development, team, validation of business opportunity; of phase 3 are financial support and team; and of phase 4 are team, financial support, partnership and client focus.
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Palavras-chave
Empreendedorismo Startup Fatores críticos Entrepreneurship Critical factors