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As orientações internacionais para a desinstitucionalização dos sistemas de proteção de crianças privadas de cuidados parentais recomendam que os cuidados alternativos sejam dados em ambiente familiar, apelando à eliminação de estruturas residenciais de grande dimensão pelo impacto negativo da institucionalização. Em Portugal, a revisão de 2015 à Lei de Proteção de Crianças e Jovens em Perigo incorpora essas recomendações ao definir a prevalência do Acolhimento Familiar (AF) sobre o Residencial (AR). Através de um Estudo de Caso a um Centro de Acolhimento Temporário (CAT) para 60 crianças até aos 6 anos, este trabalho estuda os impactos possivelmente atribuíveis à alteração legislativa, bem como a resposta do CAT em termos de funcionamento. É também descrita a atual discussão interna sobre o futuro da instituição, caracterizável em três caminhos de opção não exclusiva: Conservador (mantém a resposta de AR), Evolutivo (desenvolve resposta alternativa ligada à proteção da criança em perigo, como AF ou Centro de Apoio Familiar e Aconselhamento Parental) e Alterador (encerra o AR e abre uma resposta nova compatível com a sua estrutura de grande dimensão, como Creche). Conclui-se que há alterações importantes no movimento de crianças nos últimos 6 anos, nomeadamente a redução significativa da taxa de ocupação do CAT, e que têm sido implementadas alterações aos espaços e aos modos de funcionamento no sentido de aproximar as práticas do CAT aos princípios orientadores do novo paradigma. Relativamente ao futuro, constata-se uma preferência pelo caminho Conservador e uma grande resistência ao Alterador. Existe abertura à opção Evolutiva, ainda que com reservas sobre se o mesmo deve incluir o AF.
The international guidelines on deinstitutionalisation for protection systems for children who are deprived of parental care recommend that the alternative care be provided in a family environment, thus requiring the elimination of largescale residential structures, given the negative impact of institutionalisation. In Portugal, the 2015 review of the Law for the Protection of At-Risk Children and Youths has incorporated said recommendations by defining a preference for Foster Care over Residential Home Care. Based on a Case Study on a Temporary Care Home for 60 children up to the age of six, this thesis studies the possible impacts of this change in the legislation, as well as the response of the Temporary Care Home in terms of its functioning. The current debate on the future of the institution is also described and characterised on the basis of non-exclusive options: Conservative (residential home care is maintained); Evolutive (an alternative response based on protection of the child at risk is developed, either in the form of Foster Care, a Family Support Centre or a Parental Counselling Centre); or Change-based (the home is closed and a new response that is in line with its large-scale structure, such as a crèche, is opened in its place). The data has shown conclusively that there were significant changes in the movement of children over the last six years, resulting namely in a significant reduction in the occupation rate of the Temporary Care Home, and that changes have been made to the spaces and to the modes of operations with a view to bringing the Temporary Care Home practices into line with the principles that guide the new paradigm. As far as the future is concerned, there is a noted preference for the Conservative option above, as well as major resistance to the Change-based one. There is a certain openness to the Evolutive option, albeit with reservations as to whether it should include Foster Care.
The international guidelines on deinstitutionalisation for protection systems for children who are deprived of parental care recommend that the alternative care be provided in a family environment, thus requiring the elimination of largescale residential structures, given the negative impact of institutionalisation. In Portugal, the 2015 review of the Law for the Protection of At-Risk Children and Youths has incorporated said recommendations by defining a preference for Foster Care over Residential Home Care. Based on a Case Study on a Temporary Care Home for 60 children up to the age of six, this thesis studies the possible impacts of this change in the legislation, as well as the response of the Temporary Care Home in terms of its functioning. The current debate on the future of the institution is also described and characterised on the basis of non-exclusive options: Conservative (residential home care is maintained); Evolutive (an alternative response based on protection of the child at risk is developed, either in the form of Foster Care, a Family Support Centre or a Parental Counselling Centre); or Change-based (the home is closed and a new response that is in line with its large-scale structure, such as a crèche, is opened in its place). The data has shown conclusively that there were significant changes in the movement of children over the last six years, resulting namely in a significant reduction in the occupation rate of the Temporary Care Home, and that changes have been made to the spaces and to the modes of operations with a view to bringing the Temporary Care Home practices into line with the principles that guide the new paradigm. As far as the future is concerned, there is a noted preference for the Conservative option above, as well as major resistance to the Change-based one. There is a certain openness to the Evolutive option, albeit with reservations as to whether it should include Foster Care.
Description
Keywords
Desinstitucionalização Acolhimento residencial Acolhimento familiar Centro de Acolhimento Temporário Processos de transformação Deinstitutionalisation Home care Foster care Temporary care home Transformation processes