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Abstract(s)
Neste estudo propomo-nos a desenvolver algumas questões que se impõem no Direito das Marcas não tradicionais, bem como a tecer algumas considerações acerca das dificuldades e vantagens que lhes são inerentes e quanto à sua escassa aceitação por parte dos tribunais e dos institutos que concedem o registo.
Com o objetivo central de desconstruir o requisito da representação (gráfica ou não), de cuja verificação depende o registo da marca, a nossa dissertação será dividida em três capítulos que procuraremos ilustrar com exemplos, referências a casos jurisprudenciais e dados estatísticos. Para iniciar, introduziremos a temática fazendo menção à sua relevância no âmbito da propriedade intelectual. Numa perspetiva atual e de futuro interligaremos o plano jurídico, o marketing e, bem assim, as necessidades cada vez mais sofisticadas dos agentes económicos. Posteriormente, no primeiro capítulo, delimitaremos a rede legal, teceremos algumas considerações acerca da sua evolução e discutiremos as escolhas do legislador (nacional e da UE). Posto isto, no segundo capítulo, faremos um enquadramento geral sobre o Direito de Marcas, destacando apenas alguns aspetos que consideramos essenciais para a compreensão do nosso tema. Seguir-se-á, no terceiro capítulo, uma abordagem dos limites intrínsecos à composição da marca, onde será privilegiado o requisito da representação (gráfica ou não) e, ulteriormente, ainda que de forma concisa, referir-nos-emos ao requisito da capacidade distintiva (corolário da marca). De seguida, exploraremos algumas categorias de sinais não convencionais, enfatizando os sinais olfativos por serem dos mais problemáticos a nível da representação. A sua análise antecederá a conclusão e crítica do tema.
Em face da mudança de paradigma legislativo procuraremos fazer, ao longo do texto, o exercício imperativo de repensar e perspetivar os sinais não convencionais enquanto ferramentas de grande importância socioecónomica. Antevendo as nossas conclusões, é de referir que o desprender da era do papel, relativamente alguns sinais sensoriais (e.g. olfativos e gustativos) é, pelo menos por agora, mais teórico do que prático. Isto porque, a possibilidade de os requerentes obterem monopólios sobre sinais, que devem estar na disponibilidade de todos os operadores, acarreta um risco acrescido de distorção da concorrência. Adivinha-se um longo trilho a percorrer para a concessão de proteção jurídica a estes sinais.
On the present dissertation we will bring forward our perspective, and the result of an extended and exhaustive study, concerning non-traditional Trademark-Law and its application. Furthermore, the present study uncovers several drawbacks, but also, advantages of its applicability, as well as the resistance presented of the court of law and other legitimise institutes regarding its acceptance. This thesis will be organised in three chapters, containing a great deal of case law and data, being our main aim to deconstruct the representation (graphical or not) requirement, of which the process of vetting is highly dependent on, in order to provide the registration of the trademark. First of all, we will introduce the main theme, and how it has shown to be relevant to the property law. Having in mind not only the present days, but also the future, we will connect the legal sphere, to the marketing and the economic agents, which are more and more sophisticated. Moreover, we will narrow down the legal sphere, present considerations concerning its evolutions and debate about the National and the European legislator choices. The second chapter regarding Trademark-Law, contain a comprehensive framework about this subject, highlighting some aspects we believe to be crucial to a proper comprehension of our study. An analysis of the trademark composition boundaries will be presented throughout the third chapter, focusing primarily on the representation (graphical or not) requirement, but also on the distinctive character requirement. Subsequently, we will explore some classes of non-convectional signals, emphasizing the olfactory signals, being these the most problematic ones on what concerns to its representation. This analysis will be followed up by the study conclusion and critic. Considering the legislative paradigm, we will make, throughout the study, the imperative exercise of rethinking and prospecting the artificial means as tools of great socioeconomic importance. Anticipating our conclusions, it is to be noted that the detach from the paper era concerning some sensory signals (e.g. olfactory and gustatory) is, at least for now, more theoretical than practical. The possibility for applicants to accrue monopolies on the signals, which are available to all operators, carries an extra risk of distortion of competition. One expects a long way to go for a grant of legal certainty to these signs.
On the present dissertation we will bring forward our perspective, and the result of an extended and exhaustive study, concerning non-traditional Trademark-Law and its application. Furthermore, the present study uncovers several drawbacks, but also, advantages of its applicability, as well as the resistance presented of the court of law and other legitimise institutes regarding its acceptance. This thesis will be organised in three chapters, containing a great deal of case law and data, being our main aim to deconstruct the representation (graphical or not) requirement, of which the process of vetting is highly dependent on, in order to provide the registration of the trademark. First of all, we will introduce the main theme, and how it has shown to be relevant to the property law. Having in mind not only the present days, but also the future, we will connect the legal sphere, to the marketing and the economic agents, which are more and more sophisticated. Moreover, we will narrow down the legal sphere, present considerations concerning its evolutions and debate about the National and the European legislator choices. The second chapter regarding Trademark-Law, contain a comprehensive framework about this subject, highlighting some aspects we believe to be crucial to a proper comprehension of our study. An analysis of the trademark composition boundaries will be presented throughout the third chapter, focusing primarily on the representation (graphical or not) requirement, but also on the distinctive character requirement. Subsequently, we will explore some classes of non-convectional signals, emphasizing the olfactory signals, being these the most problematic ones on what concerns to its representation. This analysis will be followed up by the study conclusion and critic. Considering the legislative paradigm, we will make, throughout the study, the imperative exercise of rethinking and prospecting the artificial means as tools of great socioeconomic importance. Anticipating our conclusions, it is to be noted that the detach from the paper era concerning some sensory signals (e.g. olfactory and gustatory) is, at least for now, more theoretical than practical. The possibility for applicants to accrue monopolies on the signals, which are available to all operators, carries an extra risk of distortion of competition. One expects a long way to go for a grant of legal certainty to these signs.
Description
Keywords
Marcas não tradicionais Representação Registo Avanços tecnológicos Non-conventional trademarks Representation Registrations Technological advances