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O casal Józef e Wiktoria Ulma e os seus sete filhos foram, no período de ocupação Nazi
na Polónia durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, fuzilados, bem como os judeus a quem tinham
dado o seu apoio. O regime Nazi proibira, sob pena capital, qualquer tipo de apoio aos judeus
e a decisão do casal Ulma em transgredir essa proibição, com todos os riscos que ela
implicava, foi o resultado de uma consciência moldada na busca pela justiça e pela caridade.
A profundidade desta opção pelo bem explica-se, porém, por uma vivência e formação cristã
para além da missa dominical: Józef Ulma pertencera, na sua juventude, a uma das quatro
colunas da Ação Católica na Polónia – a Associação Católica da Juventude Masculina – e
posteriormente à União Camponesa dos Jovens “Wici”. A Ação Católica foi, portanto,
fundamental para a vida espiritual da Família Ulma, como dinâmica confraternal que lhes
permitiu pôr em prática aquilo que o Papa Pio XI explanara sobre a relação entre justiça e
caridade, bem como a posição católica perante o Nazismo e o Comunismo.
The couple Józef and Wiktoria Ulma and their seven children were, throughout the Nazi occupation of Poland during the Second World War, shot, as were the Jews to whom they had given their aid. The Nazi regime had banned, under capital punishment, any kind of help given to Jews and the decision of the Ulma couple to transgress this prohibition, with all the risks that it implied, was the result of a conscience configured in the search for justice and charity. The depth of this choice is explained, however, by a Christian experience and formation beyond Sunday Mass: Józef Ulma had belonged, in his youth, to one of the four columns of Catholic Action in Poland – the Catholic Association of Men’s Youth – and later to the Peasant Union of Young People “Wici”. Catholic Action was, therefore, crucial for the spiritual life of the Ulma Family, as a fraternal dynamic that allowed them to put into practice what Pope Pius XI had proclaimed about the relationship between justice and charity, as well as the Catholic position towards Nazism and the Communism.
The couple Józef and Wiktoria Ulma and their seven children were, throughout the Nazi occupation of Poland during the Second World War, shot, as were the Jews to whom they had given their aid. The Nazi regime had banned, under capital punishment, any kind of help given to Jews and the decision of the Ulma couple to transgress this prohibition, with all the risks that it implied, was the result of a conscience configured in the search for justice and charity. The depth of this choice is explained, however, by a Christian experience and formation beyond Sunday Mass: Józef Ulma had belonged, in his youth, to one of the four columns of Catholic Action in Poland – the Catholic Association of Men’s Youth – and later to the Peasant Union of Young People “Wici”. Catholic Action was, therefore, crucial for the spiritual life of the Ulma Family, as a fraternal dynamic that allowed them to put into practice what Pope Pius XI had proclaimed about the relationship between justice and charity, as well as the Catholic position towards Nazism and the Communism.
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Keywords
Família Ulma Polónia Movimentos Rurais Ação Católica Pio XI Judeus II Guerra Mundial Nazismo Comunismo Justiça Caridade Verdade The Ulma family Poland Rural Movements Catholic Action Pius XI Jews World War II Nazism Communism Justice Charity Truth