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Abstract(s)
Introdução: o envelhecimento da população portuguesa e mundial é um facto. Sempre se envelheceu. Porém se antes falávamos em envelhecimento individual, hoje estamos, também, perante o envelhecimento coletivo da sociedade como um todo. Objetivos: relacionar a perceção global de saúde com o otimismo em idosos do Grande Porto; e avaliar o impacto da ansiedade, sintomas somáticos, sexo, idade, escolaridade e estado civil no otimismo em idosos no Grande Porto. Material e métodos: realizamos um estudo do tipo correlacional, numa amostra não probabilística, tipo “bola de neve”, de 118 idosos; sendo elegíveis idosos com 65 ou mais anos de idade, discurso coerente e orientado no tempo e no espaço. Utilizamos como instrumentos de recolha de dados o Questionário General Health Questionnaire 12 e o Life Orientation Test – Revised. Resultados: na amostra estudada, o sexo não parece interferir com a perceção de saúde dos idosos e o seu otimismo. As variáveis idade, escolaridade e estado civil não influenciam os níveis de otimismo dos idosos em estudo. Na relação entre a perceção de saúde e a escolaridade verificaram-se níveis médios a elevados de escolaridade relacionados com uma melhor perceção de saúde. Os idosos divorciados apresentavam melhor bem-estar psicológico. Também, os idosos com 85 e mais anos tinham níveis mais baixos de “Ansiedade” e idosos com 75 a 84 anos apresentavam níveis mais baixos de “Depressão”. Da análise da relação entre a perceção global de saúde e o otimismo dos idosos obtiveram-se valores que refletem uma associação moderada negativa entre o otimismo e a perceção global de saúde nos idosos. O fator “Ansiedade” do General Health Questionnaire – 12 (perceção global de saúde) destacou-se como o fator com maior poder preditivo do otimismo. Conclusões: Um maior otimismo relativamente ao envelhecimento pode contribuir para uma melhor auto-avaliação do estado de saúde e do bem-estar dos mais velhos. Neste contexto, parece relevante o investimento da enfermagem na área do envelhecimento/pessoas idosas, também, pela análise do seu bem-estar relacionado com os seus níveis de otimismo. Salientamos a necessidade de em investigações futuras considerar outras variáveis (origem rural/urbana dos idosos, nível socioeconómico, situação ou não de institucionalização em Estruturas Residenciais para Idosos e os modelos de intervenção de Enfermagem) e verificar de que forma poderão influenciar a qualidade e perceção global de saúde dos idosos.
Introduction: the aging of the Portuguese and world population is a fact. People always got old. Although historically we spoked of individual aging, today are facing with the collective aging of society as a whole. Objectives: to relate global health perception to optimism in the elderly in Greater Porto; and evaluate the impact of anxiety, somatic symptoms, age, sex, education and marital status on optimism in the elderly in Greater Porto. Material and methods: we carried out a correlational study in a non-probabilistic, “snowball” type sample of 118 elderly people; being eligible elderly individuals over 65 years of age with a coherent and oriented in time and space speech. We used the General Health Questionnaire 12 and the Life Orientation Test - Revised as data collection instruments. Results: in the studied sample, sex does not seem to interfere with the elderly's perception of health and their optimism. The variables age, schooling and marital status do not influence the levels of optimism of the elderly in the study. In the relationship between health perception and schooling, there were medium to high schooling levels related to a better health perception. The divorced elderly had better psychological well-being. Also, the elderly aged 85 and older had lower levels of "Anxiety" and elderly people aged 75-84 had lower levels of "Depression." From the analysis of the relation between the global health perception and the optimism of the elderly, we obtained values that reflect a moderate negative association between optimism and global health perception in the elderly. The "Anxiety" factor from the General Health Questionnaire 12 (global health perception) stood out as the factor with greater predictive power of optimism. Conclusions: An increased optimism regarding the aging can contribute to a better self-reported health status and well-being of older people. In this context, it seems relevant the investment of nursing in the field of aging/elderly, too, by the analysis of its related well-being with their optimism levels. We emphasize the need for future research to consider other variables (rural/urban origin of the elderly, socioeconomic level, institutionalization in Residential Structures for the Elderly and nursing intervention models) and verify how they may influence the quality and overall health perception of the elderly.
Introduction: the aging of the Portuguese and world population is a fact. People always got old. Although historically we spoked of individual aging, today are facing with the collective aging of society as a whole. Objectives: to relate global health perception to optimism in the elderly in Greater Porto; and evaluate the impact of anxiety, somatic symptoms, age, sex, education and marital status on optimism in the elderly in Greater Porto. Material and methods: we carried out a correlational study in a non-probabilistic, “snowball” type sample of 118 elderly people; being eligible elderly individuals over 65 years of age with a coherent and oriented in time and space speech. We used the General Health Questionnaire 12 and the Life Orientation Test - Revised as data collection instruments. Results: in the studied sample, sex does not seem to interfere with the elderly's perception of health and their optimism. The variables age, schooling and marital status do not influence the levels of optimism of the elderly in the study. In the relationship between health perception and schooling, there were medium to high schooling levels related to a better health perception. The divorced elderly had better psychological well-being. Also, the elderly aged 85 and older had lower levels of "Anxiety" and elderly people aged 75-84 had lower levels of "Depression." From the analysis of the relation between the global health perception and the optimism of the elderly, we obtained values that reflect a moderate negative association between optimism and global health perception in the elderly. The "Anxiety" factor from the General Health Questionnaire 12 (global health perception) stood out as the factor with greater predictive power of optimism. Conclusions: An increased optimism regarding the aging can contribute to a better self-reported health status and well-being of older people. In this context, it seems relevant the investment of nursing in the field of aging/elderly, too, by the analysis of its related well-being with their optimism levels. We emphasize the need for future research to consider other variables (rural/urban origin of the elderly, socioeconomic level, institutionalization in Residential Structures for the Elderly and nursing intervention models) and verify how they may influence the quality and overall health perception of the elderly.
Description
Keywords
Perceção global de saúde Otimismo Envelhecimento Bem-estar Self-perceived health status Optimism Ageing Well-being