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Os sistemas de identificação biométrica : à luz do regulamento europeu sobre a inteligência artificial e do processo penal português
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A crescente evolução tecnológica, particularmente dos sistemas de inteligência artificial, tem vindo a dissipar-se um pouco por todos os setores da sociedade, fenómeno ao qual o sistema de justiça e, em particular, a justiça penal, não é imune. Com a sofisticação dos modos de execução de crimes, desde há muito que o processo penal procura admitir o recurso a novos e mais evoluídos meios de investigação e de obtenção de prova. Um desses meios tecnológicos cuja inserção no processo penal vem sendo debatida é, precisamente, a utilização de sistemas de inteligência artificial de identificação biométrica, em especial, os sistemas de reconhecimento facial. Após um período de proibição total do recurso a esses sistemas em Portugal, agora que foi dado o mote pelo legislador europeu, no sentido de se admitir a utilização destes meios tecnológicos na investigação criminal, em certas situações excecionais, reacende se o debate em torno deste tema. O trabalho que aqui se apresenta, partindo da base fornecida pelo legislador europeu, reflete as principais questões jurídicas levantadas pela eventual admissibilidade destes sistemas na investigação criminal, procurando compatibilizar aquele regime europeu com os princípios estruturantes e garantias fundamentais do processo penal português.
The ongoing advancement of technology, particularly in the field of artificial intelligence systems, has progressively permeated virtually all sectors of society, a phenomenon to which the justice system, and criminal justice in particular, is not immune. Considering the increasing sophistication of methods of committing crimes, criminal procedure has long sought to accommodate the use of new and more advanced means of investigation and evidence gathering. One such technological tool, the incorporation of which into criminal proceedings has been subject to debate, is precisely the use of artificial intelligence-based biometric identification systems, in particular facial recognition systems. Following a period of a complete prohibition on the use of such systems in Portugal, and now that the European legislator has set the framework for permitting the use of these technological means in criminal investigations under certain exceptional circumstances, the debate surrounding this issue has been reignited. The present work, building upon the framework provided by the European legislator, examines the principal legal issues arising from the potential admissibility of these systems in criminal investigations, seeking to reconcile that European regime with the structural principles and fundamental guarantees of the Portuguese criminal procedure.
The ongoing advancement of technology, particularly in the field of artificial intelligence systems, has progressively permeated virtually all sectors of society, a phenomenon to which the justice system, and criminal justice in particular, is not immune. Considering the increasing sophistication of methods of committing crimes, criminal procedure has long sought to accommodate the use of new and more advanced means of investigation and evidence gathering. One such technological tool, the incorporation of which into criminal proceedings has been subject to debate, is precisely the use of artificial intelligence-based biometric identification systems, in particular facial recognition systems. Following a period of a complete prohibition on the use of such systems in Portugal, and now that the European legislator has set the framework for permitting the use of these technological means in criminal investigations under certain exceptional circumstances, the debate surrounding this issue has been reignited. The present work, building upon the framework provided by the European legislator, examines the principal legal issues arising from the potential admissibility of these systems in criminal investigations, seeking to reconcile that European regime with the structural principles and fundamental guarantees of the Portuguese criminal procedure.
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Sistemas de identificação biométrica Inteligência artificial Reconhecimento facil Regulamento europeu sobre a inteligência artificial Processo penal Biometric identification systems Artificial intelligence Facil recognition European regulation on artificial intelligence Criminal proceedings
Contexto Educativo
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Sem licença CC