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Abstract(s)
O contexto atual de pandemia veio reavivar o problema da aplicação do instituto do artigo 437.º do Código Civil a situações de grandes alterações das circunstâncias, perturbadoras da “grande base do negócio”. É um princípio fundamental do nosso ordenamento jurídico que os contratos devem ser integralmente cumpridos. Todavia, a realidade que os envolve no momento da celebração
não se cristaliza, evoluindo. Essa evolução pode determinar um quadro real perante o
qual, segundo o princípio da boa fé, as prestações contratadas devam ter-se por
inexigíveis. É este o espaço de atuação deste instituto. Assim, nesta tese, o desafio que nos propomos é o de analisar a evolução do instituto da alteração das circunstâncias no nosso ordenamento jurídico e, sucessivamente, apurar da
sua adequação ao contexto da pandemia que vivemos, identificando os principais
obstáculos que este pode enfrentar, designadamente à luz de experiências anteriores. Em qualquer caso, não se ignora que esta é uma realidade em desenvolvimento, ainda por se revelar em termos consistentes, não permitindo, por enquanto, conclusões assertivas.
The current pandemic context has revived the problem of the application of article 437.º of Código Civil’s institute to situations of major changes of circumstances, disrupting the “large basis of the contract”. It is a fundamental principle of our legal system that contracts must be fully executed. However, the reality that surrounds the contracts at the time of their conclusion does not crystallize, but evolves. This evolution may determine a different circumstantial picture in which, according to the principle of good faith, the contractual obligations should be considered unenforceable. This is the scope of this institute. Therefore, the aim of this dissertation is to analyse the evolution of the institute of change of circumstances in our legal system and, successively, to ascertain its adequacy to the pandemic context we currently live in, identifying the main obstacles it may face, namely in light of previous experiences. In any case, it is not ignored that this is a reality in development, yet to be revealed in consistent terms, not allowing, at this stage, assertive conclusions.
The current pandemic context has revived the problem of the application of article 437.º of Código Civil’s institute to situations of major changes of circumstances, disrupting the “large basis of the contract”. It is a fundamental principle of our legal system that contracts must be fully executed. However, the reality that surrounds the contracts at the time of their conclusion does not crystallize, but evolves. This evolution may determine a different circumstantial picture in which, according to the principle of good faith, the contractual obligations should be considered unenforceable. This is the scope of this institute. Therefore, the aim of this dissertation is to analyse the evolution of the institute of change of circumstances in our legal system and, successively, to ascertain its adequacy to the pandemic context we currently live in, identifying the main obstacles it may face, namely in light of previous experiences. In any case, it is not ignored that this is a reality in development, yet to be revealed in consistent terms, not allowing, at this stage, assertive conclusions.
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Keywords
Alteração das circunstâncias Base do negócio Modificação ou resolução do contrato Pandemia Covid-19 Change of circumstances Basis of the contract Modification or termination of the contract Covid-19 pandemic