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Authors
Abstract(s)
O estudo realizado surge com o intuito de conhecer o socorro prestado às vítimas do terramoto que assolou Lisboa no primeiro dia de novembro de 1755. Este evento catastrófico teve efeitos devastadores, com elevadas perdas humanas e materiais. Com o terramoto, não só a terra tremeu mas também o quotidiano, a economia, a política, as relações sociais, os valores, as crenças e até mesmo a atitude face à morte ou à religião. Os seus impactos foram profundos e diversificados, locais e internacionais, imediatos ou prolongados no tempo.
Para o atual estudo foi utilizada uma metodologia histórica, onde se perspetivou uma relação com um conjunto de factos que tiveram lugar antes, durante e depois da catástrofe e que nos permitiram recuperar um conjunto de conhecimentos para acrescentar ao quadro da história do socorro em Portugal.
Considerando a investigação um processo sistemático e racional de construção do conhecimento, podemos afirmar que a investigação que efetuámos foi a pesquisa de alicerces que ajudaram a suportar a história atual no que respeita ao socorro em situações de exceção, ajudando na construção de bases sólidas para o futuro.
A destruição causada pelo terramoto de 1755 e a necessidade de dar apoio aos grupos de pessoas carenciadas provocou em Lisboa a maior confusão e desordem observadas até então. A pronta intervenção das autoridades reprimindo impiedosamente os saques, o apoio às populações desamparadas, a atitude perante milhares de mortos, a implementação de medidas de saneamento mais urgentes e a conceção e reconstrução da nova cidade de Lisboa, fizeram emergir uma visão criadora a partir do caos instalado e da extensão apocalíptica da calamidade.
Uma das dimensões mais interessantes do fenómeno foi a reação do Estado e a forma como chamou a si a responsabilidade para resolver os problemas, como se organizou para dar uma resposta concertada, pronta e alargada às consequências do terramoto. A atuação dos governantes da época, na circunstância em estado de emergência, desenvolveu métodos de planificação e controlo da tragédia, com uma perspetiva de futuro e de reconstrução baseada numa visão secularizada de gestão dos negócios públicos. Daí a rapidez com que foi montado um “gabinete de crise” por iniciativa do monarca D. José I mas em cuja direção Pombal se distinguiu. Pode dizer-se que em 1755 se deu início a uma nova forma de gestão das catástrofes no que diz respeito aos procedimentos de auxílio prestados às populações logo após a ocorrência.
The conducted study appears in order to meet the rescue of the victims of the earthquake that hit Lisbon on the first day of November 1755. This catastrophic event had devastating effects, with high human and material losses. With the earthquake not only did the earth shook, but also the everyday life, the economy, politics, social relations, values, beliefs and also the attitude towards death or religion. Their impacts were profound and diversified, local and international, immediate or extended in time. For the current study we used a historical methodology, which envisioned a relationship with a set of facts that took place before, during and after the disaster and that allowed us to recover a body of knowledge to add to the picture of the history of relief in Portugal. Considering the research a systematic and rational process of building our knowledge, the research that we carried out was a research foundation that helped support the current history as regards to the relief in exceptional in emergency situations, helping to build solid foundations for the future. The destruction caused by the 1755 earthquake and the need to provide support to needy groups in Lisbon caused the greatest confusion and disorder observed so far. The prompt intervention of the authorities ruthlessly cracking down on looting, the support provided to disadvantaged populations, the treatment of thousands of dead, the implementation of more urgent reorganizational measures of sanitation and the design and reconstruction of the new city of Lisbon, did quickly emerge a creative vision from the installed chaos and apocalyptic extent of the calamity. One of the most interesting dimensions of the phenomenon was the state's reaction and how it called unto it’s responsibility to solve the problems, as it was organized to give a concerted response, ready and extended to earthquake consequences. The actions of the rulers of the time, the circumstances in a state of emergency, developed methods of planning and control of the tragedy, with a view to the future and reconstruction based on a secular view of public affairs management. Hence the speed with which it was set up a "crisis cabinet" initiated by the monarch D. José but towards which Pombal distinguished. It can be said that in 1755 a new form of management of disasters is initiated, as regards to aid procedures provided to people soon after the occurrence.
The conducted study appears in order to meet the rescue of the victims of the earthquake that hit Lisbon on the first day of November 1755. This catastrophic event had devastating effects, with high human and material losses. With the earthquake not only did the earth shook, but also the everyday life, the economy, politics, social relations, values, beliefs and also the attitude towards death or religion. Their impacts were profound and diversified, local and international, immediate or extended in time. For the current study we used a historical methodology, which envisioned a relationship with a set of facts that took place before, during and after the disaster and that allowed us to recover a body of knowledge to add to the picture of the history of relief in Portugal. Considering the research a systematic and rational process of building our knowledge, the research that we carried out was a research foundation that helped support the current history as regards to the relief in exceptional in emergency situations, helping to build solid foundations for the future. The destruction caused by the 1755 earthquake and the need to provide support to needy groups in Lisbon caused the greatest confusion and disorder observed so far. The prompt intervention of the authorities ruthlessly cracking down on looting, the support provided to disadvantaged populations, the treatment of thousands of dead, the implementation of more urgent reorganizational measures of sanitation and the design and reconstruction of the new city of Lisbon, did quickly emerge a creative vision from the installed chaos and apocalyptic extent of the calamity. One of the most interesting dimensions of the phenomenon was the state's reaction and how it called unto it’s responsibility to solve the problems, as it was organized to give a concerted response, ready and extended to earthquake consequences. The actions of the rulers of the time, the circumstances in a state of emergency, developed methods of planning and control of the tragedy, with a view to the future and reconstruction based on a secular view of public affairs management. Hence the speed with which it was set up a "crisis cabinet" initiated by the monarch D. José but towards which Pombal distinguished. It can be said that in 1755 a new form of management of disasters is initiated, as regards to aid procedures provided to people soon after the occurrence.