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Introdução/ enquadramento/ objetivos: Os profissionais envolvidos no manuseamento de explosivos estão sujeitos a diversos riscos/ fatores de risco; no entanto, a generalidade da bibliografia consultada aborda questões específicas e parcelares. Este estudo foi projetado para que seja possível ter uma perspetiva global que permita às equipas de Saúde Ocupacional avaliar e prevenir os riscos/ fatores de risco e doenças profissionais, bem como prescrever medidas de proteção (coletivas e individuais) capazes de preservar a saúde dos trabalhadores. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma Revisão Bibliográfica Integrativa, iniciada através de uma pesquisa realizada em novembro de 2016 nas bases de dados “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina, Academic Search Complete e RCAAP”. Conteúdo: Os principais riscos/ fatores de risco associados a este setor são o ruido/ hipoacusia/ acufenos, explosão/ incêndio/ queimadura/ queda ou projeção de objetos/ fraturas/ contusão/ corte/ esmagamento, lesões oculares variadas, agentes químicos (dermatite, cancro, anemia), lesões músculo-esqueléticas, herniopatias, soterramento, vibrações, ultravioletas, desconforto térmico e stress. Emergiram como principais medidas de proteção individual a utilização de proteção auricular, calçado e farda adequados à condução de eletricidade eletrostática e máscara/ proteção respiratória. Conclusões: Os principais riscos relacionam-se com a falta de proteção adequada para lidar com os efeitos da onda da explosão; no entanto, são também importantes os riscos químicos associados aos compostos envolvidos na fabricação dos explosivos e os riscos ergonómicos relacionados com o transporte manual de cargas.
Os artigos foram pouco completos em relação à descrição de eventuais medidas de proteção coletiva e individual, bem como na abordagem dada às doenças profissionais associadas. Para além disso, a maioria dos artigos publicados foi elaborada em contexto militar, pelo que as conclusões não poderão ser extrapoladas diretamente para o contexto laboral civil. É necessário investigação relevante sobre o tema para aumentar a capacidade de tomada de decisão das equipas de saúde ocupacional.
Introduction / objectives: The professionals involved in the handling of explosives are subject to several risks/ risk factors; however, the generality of the bibliography consulted addresses specific issues. This study was designed so that it is possible to have a global perspective that allows Occupational Health teams to assess and prevent occupational risk/ risk factors, as well as to prescribe protective measures (collective and individual), capable of preserving workers’ health. Methodology: This is an Integrative Bibliographic Review, initiated through a survey in November 2016 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina, Academic Search Complete and RCAAP”. Content: The main risks/ risk factors associated with this sector are noise/ hypoacusis/ tinnitus, explosion/ fire/ burn/ fall or projection of objects/ fractures/ contusion/ cut/ crush, various ocular lesions, chemical agents (dermatitis, cancer, anemia), musculoskeletal injuries, herniopathies, burial, vibrations, ultraviolet, thermal discomfort and stress. The use of ear protection, footwear and clothing appropriate to the conduction of electrostatic electricity and mask/ respiratory protection emerged as the main measures of individual protection. Conclusions: The main risks are physical and relate to the lack of adequate protection to deal with the effects of the explosion wave; however, the chemical risks associated with the compounds involved in the manufacture of explosives and the ergonomic hazards related to the manual transport are also important. The articles were incomplete in relation to the description of possible collective and individual protection measures, as well as in the approach given to associated occupational diseases. Moreover, most of the published articles were prepared in a military context, so the conclusions cannot be extrapolated directly into the civil context. More relevant and available research is needed to increase the decision-making of occupational health teams.
Introduction / objectives: The professionals involved in the handling of explosives are subject to several risks/ risk factors; however, the generality of the bibliography consulted addresses specific issues. This study was designed so that it is possible to have a global perspective that allows Occupational Health teams to assess and prevent occupational risk/ risk factors, as well as to prescribe protective measures (collective and individual), capable of preserving workers’ health. Methodology: This is an Integrative Bibliographic Review, initiated through a survey in November 2016 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina, Academic Search Complete and RCAAP”. Content: The main risks/ risk factors associated with this sector are noise/ hypoacusis/ tinnitus, explosion/ fire/ burn/ fall or projection of objects/ fractures/ contusion/ cut/ crush, various ocular lesions, chemical agents (dermatitis, cancer, anemia), musculoskeletal injuries, herniopathies, burial, vibrations, ultraviolet, thermal discomfort and stress. The use of ear protection, footwear and clothing appropriate to the conduction of electrostatic electricity and mask/ respiratory protection emerged as the main measures of individual protection. Conclusions: The main risks are physical and relate to the lack of adequate protection to deal with the effects of the explosion wave; however, the chemical risks associated with the compounds involved in the manufacture of explosives and the ergonomic hazards related to the manual transport are also important. The articles were incomplete in relation to the description of possible collective and individual protection measures, as well as in the approach given to associated occupational diseases. Moreover, most of the published articles were prepared in a military context, so the conclusions cannot be extrapolated directly into the civil context. More relevant and available research is needed to increase the decision-making of occupational health teams.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Saúde ocupacional Saúde do trabalhador e medicina do trabalho Indústria de explosivos Acidentes causados por explosivos Occupational health Worker health Explosives industry Accidents caused by explosives
Contexto Educativo
Citação
SANTOS, Mónica, ALMEIDA, Armando - Postos de trabalho associados a explosivos: principais riscos e fatores de risco laborais, doenças profissionais associadas e medidas de proteção recomendadas, Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional Online, ISSN 2183-8453, 3, S30-S39, 2017