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Introdução: O envelhecimento, é um dos fenómenos mais marcantes na sociedade do
século XXI. Associado ao avanço da idade, as pessoas idosas encontram-se mais
propensas ao aparecimento de doenças crónicas e com necessidade em aderir a um
regime medicamentoso, muitas vezes complexos. A não adesão à medicação é um
problema, que os enfermeiros têm a responsabilidade de ajudar a solucionar
considerando que aderir à medicação implica uma transição de vida, que se deseja
saudável.
Objetivos: Clarificar, implementar e testar a eficácia de uma intervenção complexa em
Enfermagem, com vista à adesão medicamentosa da pessoa idosa com Diabetes mellitus
tipo 2.
Método: Este estudo foi realizado em três fases distintas. A primeira, contemplou uma
revisão sistemática e um estudo de natureza qualitativa através da realização de
entrevistas semi-estruturadas a profissionais de saúde e a pessoas idosas com Diabetes.
Na segunda fase efetuou-se um estudo observacional e na terceira fase desenvolveu-se
um ECR.
Resultados: Aquando da primeira fase foi possível identificar as componentes da
intervenção complexa e os fatores preditores da não adesão. Relativamente à segunda
fase, foi possível constatar que a amostra apresenta um ICM com uma média de 15.63
(± 6.84) e um total de medicamentos prescritos com uma média de 5.4 (± 1.92). No que
se refere à HbA1C obteve-se um valor médio superior ao desejado, de 7.09% (± 1.14),
com um mínimo de 5.3% e máximo de 12.4%. No ECR, verificou-se no grupo
experimental uma melhoria da taxa de adesão à medicação, face ao grupo controlo,
entre a avaliação inicial e a final, sendo a diferença das médias estatisticamente
significativa. Constatou-se ainda a obtenção de valores mais elevados de qualidade de
vida percecionada no grupo experimental em comparação com o grupo de controlo,
tendo a diferença das médias sido comprovada e validada através de teste estatístico.
Conclusões: A promoção da taxa de adesão à medicação é um indicador sensível aos
cuidados de enfermagem. Os enfermeiros encontram-se numa posição de destaque para
a capacitação das pessoas idosas para uma gestão eficaz do regime medicamentoso.
Introduction: Aging is one of the most striking phenomena in 21st century society. Associated with advancing age, older people are more prone to the onset of chronic diseases and need to adhere to a drug regimen, often complex. Non-adherence to medication is a problem, which nurses have a responsibility to help solve considering that adherence to medication implies a life transition, one wishes to be healthy. Objectives: To clarify, implement and test the efficacy of a complex intervention in Nursing with a view to medication adherence of the aged person with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Method: This study was performed in three distinct phases. The first included a systematic review and a qualitative study by conducting semi-structured interviews to older people with Diabetes and health professionals. In the second phase an observational study was carried out and in the third phase a randomized controlled trial was developed. Results: During the first phase it was possible to identify the components of the complex intervention and the predictive factors of non-adherence. Regarding the second phase, it was possible to verify that the sample presents an MRCI with an average of 15.63 (± 6.84) and a total of prescribed drugs with an average of 5.4 (± 1.92). With regard to HbA1C, the medium value was 7.09% (± 1.14), higher than the desired, with a minimum of 5.3% and a maximum of 12.4%. In the randomized controlled trial, the experimental group showed an improvement in the rate of adherence to the medication, compared to the control group, between the initial and final evaluations, being the average difference statistically significant. We also obtained higher values of perceived quality of life in the experimental group compared to the control group, and having the average difference been verified and validated by statistical test. Conclusions: The promotion of medication adherence rate is a sensitive indicator of nursing care. Nurses are in a leading position for the empowerment of older people for effective management of the drug regimen.
Introduction: Aging is one of the most striking phenomena in 21st century society. Associated with advancing age, older people are more prone to the onset of chronic diseases and need to adhere to a drug regimen, often complex. Non-adherence to medication is a problem, which nurses have a responsibility to help solve considering that adherence to medication implies a life transition, one wishes to be healthy. Objectives: To clarify, implement and test the efficacy of a complex intervention in Nursing with a view to medication adherence of the aged person with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Method: This study was performed in three distinct phases. The first included a systematic review and a qualitative study by conducting semi-structured interviews to older people with Diabetes and health professionals. In the second phase an observational study was carried out and in the third phase a randomized controlled trial was developed. Results: During the first phase it was possible to identify the components of the complex intervention and the predictive factors of non-adherence. Regarding the second phase, it was possible to verify that the sample presents an MRCI with an average of 15.63 (± 6.84) and a total of prescribed drugs with an average of 5.4 (± 1.92). With regard to HbA1C, the medium value was 7.09% (± 1.14), higher than the desired, with a minimum of 5.3% and a maximum of 12.4%. In the randomized controlled trial, the experimental group showed an improvement in the rate of adherence to the medication, compared to the control group, between the initial and final evaluations, being the average difference statistically significant. We also obtained higher values of perceived quality of life in the experimental group compared to the control group, and having the average difference been verified and validated by statistical test. Conclusions: The promotion of medication adherence rate is a sensitive indicator of nursing care. Nurses are in a leading position for the empowerment of older people for effective management of the drug regimen.
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Enfermagem Idoso Adesão à medicação Diabetes mellitus Ensaio clínico controlado aleatório Enfermagem baseada em evidências Nursing Aged Medication adherence Randomized controlled trial Evidence-based nursing