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Abstract(s)
Nesta dissertação vai ser abordada a problemática da exploração infantil nas minas do
cobalto na República Democrática do Congo (RDC).
Após se fornecer um enquadramento geodemográfico, económico e político da RDC,
bem como da sua história de sucessivos conflitos armados – onde se destaca o fenómeno das
crianças-soldados nos contingentes das milícias –, apresenta-se o país como um Estado frágil,
pleno de conflitos étnicos e corrupçao generalizada.
Em seguida, analisa-se a problemática do trabalho infantil nas minas de cobalto – tema
central da dissertação – e as suas causas e efeitos, com relevo especial na atividade das
multinacionais do setor de tecnologias de ponta, utilizadores de baterias com incorporação de
cobalto, intervenientes na respetiva cadeia de fornecimento.
Finalmente, expõem-se as premissas necessárias à tentativa de pôr termo ao flagelo do
trabalho infantil, salientando-se a necessidade da construção de um Estado de direito
democrático e a atividade das organizações regionais e sub-regionais africanas, a par das
organizações internacionais.
O objetivo final desta tese acaba por ser explicar o porquê de o território da RDC ser
propício a estes abusos para com as crianças, juntamente com os fatores que ajudam à difícil
tarefa de acabar com esta exploração laboral de menores, onde os direitos humanos são
menosprezados, tentando, assim, entender as perspetivas de um futuro mais promissor.
This dissertation addresses the issue of child exploitation in cobalt mines in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). After providing a geodemographic, economic, and political framework of the DRC, as well as its history of successive armed conflicts – highlighting the phenomenon of childsoldiers in militia contingents –, the country is presented as a fragile state, full of ethnic conflicts and widespread corruption. Next, it analyzes the problem of child labour in cobalt mines – the central theme of the dissertation – and its causes and effects, with special emphasis on the activity of multinationals in the cutting-edge technology sector, as users of batteries with cobalt incorporation in their supply chain. Finally, the necessary premises are set out on how to attempt to put an end to the scourge of child labour, emphasizing the need to build a democratic state of law, and the activities of regional and sub-regional African organizations alongside international organizations. The goal of this thesis is to explain why the territory of the DRC is conducive to abuse against children, as well as the factors that can help with the difficult task of putting a stop to the exploitation of minors, whose human rights are vilified, therefore trying to understand the prospects for a more promising future.
This dissertation addresses the issue of child exploitation in cobalt mines in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). After providing a geodemographic, economic, and political framework of the DRC, as well as its history of successive armed conflicts – highlighting the phenomenon of childsoldiers in militia contingents –, the country is presented as a fragile state, full of ethnic conflicts and widespread corruption. Next, it analyzes the problem of child labour in cobalt mines – the central theme of the dissertation – and its causes and effects, with special emphasis on the activity of multinationals in the cutting-edge technology sector, as users of batteries with cobalt incorporation in their supply chain. Finally, the necessary premises are set out on how to attempt to put an end to the scourge of child labour, emphasizing the need to build a democratic state of law, and the activities of regional and sub-regional African organizations alongside international organizations. The goal of this thesis is to explain why the territory of the DRC is conducive to abuse against children, as well as the factors that can help with the difficult task of putting a stop to the exploitation of minors, whose human rights are vilified, therefore trying to understand the prospects for a more promising future.
Description
Keywords
Crianças-soldados Conflitos Direitos humanos Guerras Minas de cobalto Trabalho infantil Child soldiers Conflicts Human rights Wars Cobalt mines Child labour