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O envelhecimento demográfico é um fenómeno global que tem despertado a atenção de diferentes áreas, científicas e jurídica, ao realçar problemas de saúde pública que também se tornam problemas do direito, como é o caso dos maus-tratos, do abandono e da exposição contra as pessoas idosas.
Ao longo da presente dissertação estudamos o crime de abandono e exposição consagrado no artigo 138.º do Código Penal Português, e exploramos as diferentes doutrinas bem como a jurisprudência relativa a este assunto controverso e actual.
As soluções propostas nos diversos projectos-lei revelaram-se ambíguas, propondo a criação de mais tipos legais de crime, o que nos parece excessivo. Defendemos que bastaria o aperfeiçoamento dos tipos legais já existentes no nosso ordenamento jurídico. Comparamos no nosso direito com o Direito vigente noutros países e tentamos encontrar aí soluções que pudéssemos transpor para o nosso sistema penal, o que também não se mostrou viável.
No nosso entender, e seguindo a linha que mencionamos anteriormente acerca da necessidade de aperfeiçoamento da lei, mostra-se mais exequível clarificar e alargar a redacção do presente artigo 138.º CP, bem como explorar as causas de indignidade sucessória previstas no artigo 2034.º CC e ainda reformular por completo o artigo proposto nos diversos projectos lei acerca do abandono em centros hospitalares e estabelecimentos de saúde.
Demographic aging is a global phenomenon that has attracted the attention of different scientific and legal areas, highlighting public health problems that also become legal problems, such as maltreatment, neglect and exposure to old people. Throughout the present dissertation we study the crime of abandonment and exposure enshrined in article 138 of the Portuguese Penal Code, and we explore the different doctrines as well as the jurisprudence related to this controversial and current issue. The solutions proposed in the various draft laws were ambiguous, proposing the creation of more legal types of crime, which seems excessive. We argue that it would suffice to improve the legal types already existing in our legal system. We compare in our law with the Law in force in other countries and we try to find solutions that we could transpose to our penal system, which also did not prove viable. In our view, and in line with the aforementioned need for improvement of the law, it is more feasible to clarify and broaden the wording of this Article 138 CP, as well as to explore the causes of inherent indignity provided for in article 2034. And further reformulate the article proposed in the various draft laws on abandonment in hospitals and health facilities.
Demographic aging is a global phenomenon that has attracted the attention of different scientific and legal areas, highlighting public health problems that also become legal problems, such as maltreatment, neglect and exposure to old people. Throughout the present dissertation we study the crime of abandonment and exposure enshrined in article 138 of the Portuguese Penal Code, and we explore the different doctrines as well as the jurisprudence related to this controversial and current issue. The solutions proposed in the various draft laws were ambiguous, proposing the creation of more legal types of crime, which seems excessive. We argue that it would suffice to improve the legal types already existing in our legal system. We compare in our law with the Law in force in other countries and we try to find solutions that we could transpose to our penal system, which also did not prove viable. In our view, and in line with the aforementioned need for improvement of the law, it is more feasible to clarify and broaden the wording of this Article 138 CP, as well as to explore the causes of inherent indignity provided for in article 2034. And further reformulate the article proposed in the various draft laws on abandonment in hospitals and health facilities.
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Palavras-chave
Código Penal Pessoas idosas Abandono Exposição Protecção dos mais velhos Penal Code Elderly people Abandonment Exposure Protection of elders