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Relutância em entrevistas forenses em casos de abuso sexual de crianças : contributos do protocolo NICHD
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O testemunho infantil em casos de abuso sexual assume frequentemente a principal fonte de prova, mas a sua qualidade é condicionada por fatores como a relutância da criança e a metodologia da entrevista. A literatura tem demonstrado benefícios do Protocolo NICHD, mas em Portugal a sua aplicação e impacto permanecem pouco explorados. Este estudo comparou 54 entrevistas de DMF (29 sem protocolo; 25 com protocolo), com crianças entre os 3 e os 16 anos. As transcrições foram codificadas segundo categorias do Protocolo NICHD-Revised sendo os resultados posteriormente convertidos em variáveis quantitativas e submetidos a análises estatísticas não paramétricas. As entrevistas com protocolo apresentaram maior proporção de perguntas abertas, menor recurso a perguntas sugestivas e de escolha múltipla e maior frequência de declarações de apoio adequadas. Não se observaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas na quantidade de informação produzida pelas crianças nem na relutância. Os resultados sustentam a adoção do Protocolo NICHD como medida indispensável para garantir entrevistas forenses consistentes e alinhadas com as recomendações internacionais. A ausência de efeitos ao nível da relutância reforça, contudo, a pertinência de considerar o NICHD-Revised, o qual integra estratégias socioemocionais com impacto direto na sua redução e na promoção de relatos mais colaborativos.
Children’s testimony in cases of sexual abuse often constitutes the primary source of evidence, but its quality is conditioned by factors such as child’s reluctance and the interviewing methodology. The literature highlights the benefits of the NICHD Protocol, however, its application and impact in Portugal remain scarcely explored. This study compared 54 DMF interviews (29 without the protocol; 25 with the protocol), conducted with children aged between 3 and 16 years. Transcripts were coded using categories derived from the NICHD-Revised Protocol, and the results were subsequently converted into quantitative variables and subjected to non-parametric statistical analyses. Interviews conducted with the protocol showed a higher proportion of open-ended questions, reduced reliance on suggestive and option-posing questions, and a higher frequency of adequate supportive statements. No statistically significant differences were observed regarding the quantity of information provided by children or their levels of reluctance. Findings support the adoption of the NICHD Protocol as an essential measure to ensure consistency in forensic interviews and compliance with international recommendations. Nevertheless, the absence of effects on reluctance reinforces the relevance of considering the NICHD-Revised Protocol, which integrates socio emotional strategies shown to have a direct impact on reducing reluctance and promoting more cooperative reports.
Children’s testimony in cases of sexual abuse often constitutes the primary source of evidence, but its quality is conditioned by factors such as child’s reluctance and the interviewing methodology. The literature highlights the benefits of the NICHD Protocol, however, its application and impact in Portugal remain scarcely explored. This study compared 54 DMF interviews (29 without the protocol; 25 with the protocol), conducted with children aged between 3 and 16 years. Transcripts were coded using categories derived from the NICHD-Revised Protocol, and the results were subsequently converted into quantitative variables and subjected to non-parametric statistical analyses. Interviews conducted with the protocol showed a higher proportion of open-ended questions, reduced reliance on suggestive and option-posing questions, and a higher frequency of adequate supportive statements. No statistically significant differences were observed regarding the quantity of information provided by children or their levels of reluctance. Findings support the adoption of the NICHD Protocol as an essential measure to ensure consistency in forensic interviews and compliance with international recommendations. Nevertheless, the absence of effects on reluctance reinforces the relevance of considering the NICHD-Revised Protocol, which integrates socio emotional strategies shown to have a direct impact on reducing reluctance and promoting more cooperative reports.
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Abuso sexual de crianças Entrevistas forenses Protocolo NICHD Relutância Testemunho da criança Child sexual abuse Forensic interview NICHD protocol Reluctance Child testimony
Contexto Educativo
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Sem licença CC