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Avaliação da influência do tipo de resina composta na confeção de attachments ortodônticos : uma revisão sistemática
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Resumo(s)
O tratamento com alinhadores transparentes tornou-se cada vez mais procurado na ortodontia contemporânea, recorrendo a attachments em resina composta para melhorar a transmissão de forças e aumentar a previsibilidade do movimento dentário. As propriedades físico-químicas e mecânicas destes biomateriais desempenham um papel crucial na durabilidade dos attachments, na estabilidade dimensional e no desempenho estético durante o tratamento. Esta revisão sistemática teve como objetivo avaliar de que forma diferentes tipos de resina composta influenciam o desempenho mecânico, ótico e funcional dos attachments ortodônticos utilizados na terapia com alinhadores transparentes. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus e Cochrane, para estudos publicados entre 2015 e 2025, seguindo as diretrizes PRISMA. Foram incluídos estudos in vitro e ensaios clínicos que avaliaram resinas compostas utilizadas na confeção de attachments. Quinze estudos cumpriram os critérios de elegibilidade, incluindo onze investigações laboratoriais e quatro estudos clínicos. Os desfechos avaliados incluíram resistência ao cisalhamento, resistência ao desgaste, rugosidade superficial, microdureza, estabilidade de cor e precisão da reprodução dos attachments. De forma geral, todas as resinas compostas avaliadas apresentaram valores de resistência ao cisalhamento dentro de intervalos clinicamente aceitáveis. No entanto, observaram-se diferenças significativas no desempenho dos materiais em função da composição e viscosidade. As resinas compostas nanohíbridas e de alta viscosidade apresentaram, de modo geral, maior resistência mecânica, menor desgaste e maior estabilidade dimensional. Em contraste, as resinas compostas fluidas demonstraram melhor manuseamento e adaptação aos moldes dos attachments, mas maior suscetibilidade à degradação superficial e à descoloração. Os resultados sugerem que a composição e as propriedades das resinas compostas influenciam significativamente o comportamento mecânico e ótico dos attachments ortodônticos. A otimização da seleção de materiais de acordo com as exigências biomecânicas e os requisitos estéticos pode melhorar a longevidade dos attachments e a previsibilidade do tratamento com alinhadores transparentes. Os clínicos devem privilegiar resinas compostas nanohíbridas ou de alta viscosidade para attachments sujeitos a cargas elevadas, e utilizar resinas compostas fluidas quando a adaptação e a estética são fatores críticos.
Clear aligner therapy has become increasingly widespread in contemporary orthodontics, relying on composite resin attachments to enhance force transmission and improve the predictability of tooth movement. The physicochemical and mechanical properties of these biomaterials play a crucial role in attachment durability, dimensional stability, and esthetic performance during treatment. This systematic review aimed to evaluate how different composite resin types influence the mechanical, optical, and functional performance of orthodontic attachments used in clear aligner therapy. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases for studies published between 2015 and 2025, following PRISMA guidelines. In vitro studies and clinical trials evaluating composite resins used for attachment fabrication were included. Fifteen studies met the eligibility criteria, including eleven laboratory investigations and four clinical studies. The evaluated outcomes comprised shear bond strength, wear resistance, surface roughness, microhardness, color stability, and accuracy of attachment reproduction. Overall, all evaluated composite resins demonstrated shear bond strength values within clinically acceptable ranges. However, significant differences were observed in material performance depending on resin composition and viscosity. Nanohybrid and high-viscosity composite resins generally exhibited superior mechanical resistance, reduced wear, and greater dimensional stability. In contrast, flowable composite resins showed improved handling and adaptation to attachment molds but presented higher susceptibility to surface degradation and discoloration. The findings suggest that the composition and properties of composite resins significantly influence the mechanical and optical behavior of orthodontic attachments. Optimizing material selection according to biomechanical demands and esthetic requirements may improve attachment longevity and treatment predictability in clear aligner therapy. clinicians should prioritize nanohybrid or high-viscosity composite resins for high-load attachments and use flowable composite resins materials when adaptation and esthetics are critical.
Clear aligner therapy has become increasingly widespread in contemporary orthodontics, relying on composite resin attachments to enhance force transmission and improve the predictability of tooth movement. The physicochemical and mechanical properties of these biomaterials play a crucial role in attachment durability, dimensional stability, and esthetic performance during treatment. This systematic review aimed to evaluate how different composite resin types influence the mechanical, optical, and functional performance of orthodontic attachments used in clear aligner therapy. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases for studies published between 2015 and 2025, following PRISMA guidelines. In vitro studies and clinical trials evaluating composite resins used for attachment fabrication were included. Fifteen studies met the eligibility criteria, including eleven laboratory investigations and four clinical studies. The evaluated outcomes comprised shear bond strength, wear resistance, surface roughness, microhardness, color stability, and accuracy of attachment reproduction. Overall, all evaluated composite resins demonstrated shear bond strength values within clinically acceptable ranges. However, significant differences were observed in material performance depending on resin composition and viscosity. Nanohybrid and high-viscosity composite resins generally exhibited superior mechanical resistance, reduced wear, and greater dimensional stability. In contrast, flowable composite resins showed improved handling and adaptation to attachment molds but presented higher susceptibility to surface degradation and discoloration. The findings suggest that the composition and properties of composite resins significantly influence the mechanical and optical behavior of orthodontic attachments. Optimizing material selection according to biomechanical demands and esthetic requirements may improve attachment longevity and treatment predictability in clear aligner therapy. clinicians should prioritize nanohybrid or high-viscosity composite resins for high-load attachments and use flowable composite resins materials when adaptation and esthetics are critical.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Alinhadores transparentes Attachments ortodônticos Resinas compostas Propriedades mecânicas Resistência ao desgaste Clear aligners Orthodontic attachments Composite resins Mechanical properties Wear resistance
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Licença CC
Sem licença CC