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Estudo da prevalência de discrepância transversal em pacientes da Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade Católica Portuguesa
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Introdução: A discrepância transversal maxilar constitui uma alteração frequente na prática ortodôntica, podendo comprometer a função, a estética e as relações oclusais. O seu diagnóstico precoce é fundamental, sobretudo durante o crescimento, fase em que a intervenção apresenta maior previsibilidade. Apesar da relevância clínica desta condição, a literatura apresenta escassez de estudos que avaliem a sua prevalência com recurso a metodologia tridimensional. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência da atresia maxilar numa amostra clínica, caracterizar o respetivo grau de severidade e analisar a sua associação com o sexo e a idade, utilizando Tomografia Computorizada de Feixe Cónico (TCFC). Material e métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com uma amostra de 400 pacientes submetidos a exame TCFC. A discrepância transversal foi determinada através da diferença entre a largura maxila e mandibular, permitindo uma avaliação objetiva e quantitativa. Os casos foram classificados quanto à presença e grau de severidade da atresia (leve, moderada, severa). A significância estatística foi considerada para p < 0,05. Toda a análise estatística foi realizada com o software SPSS (versão 29 para Windows). Resultados: A prevalência global de atresia maxilar foi de 92,5%. As formas leve e moderada foram as mais frequentes, embora existindo uma proporção relevante de atresia severa. Não se verificaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os sexos relativamente à presença ou severidade da atresia. Quanto à idade, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas na presença da discrepância, contudo observaram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas na severidade, com diminuição progressiva da atresia severa nos grupos etários mais elevados. Conclusão: A atresia maxilar apresenta elevada prevalência na amostra estudada, reforçando a importância da avaliação sistemática da dimensão transversal no diagnóstico ortodôntico. A severidade da discrepância parece variar com a idade, mas não com o sexo. A utilização de TCFC permitiu uma análise tridimensional precisa da discrepância transversal maxilar.
Introduction: Maxillary transverse discrepancy is a frequent condition in orthodontic practice and may compromise function, aesthetics, and occlusal relationships. Early diagnosis is essential, particularly during growth, when intervention is more predictable. Despite its clinical relevance, there is a scarcity of studies assessing its prevalence using three-dimensional methodology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of maxillary atresia in a clinical sample, characterize its severity, and analyse its association with sex and age using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted including 400 patients who underwent CBCT examination. Transverse discrepancy was determined by calculating the difference between maxillary and mandibular widths, allowing an objective and quantitative assessment. Cases were classified according to the presence and severity of atresia (mild, moderate, and severe). Statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 29 for Windows). Results: The overall prevalence of maxillary atresia was 92.5%. Mild and moderate forms were the most frequent, although a relevant proportion presented severe atresia. No statistically significant differences were found between sexes regarding the presence or severity of atresia. Concerning age, no significant differences were observed in the presence of discrepancy, however, statistically significant differences were found in severity, with a progressive reduction of severe atresia in older age groups. Conclusion: Maxillary atresia shows a high prevalence in the studied sample, reinforcing the importance of systematic transverse evaluation during orthodontic diagnosis. Severity appears to vary with age but not with sex. The use of CBCT enabled an accurate three-dimensional assessment, representing a relevant contribution to the study of maxillary transverse discrepancy.
Introduction: Maxillary transverse discrepancy is a frequent condition in orthodontic practice and may compromise function, aesthetics, and occlusal relationships. Early diagnosis is essential, particularly during growth, when intervention is more predictable. Despite its clinical relevance, there is a scarcity of studies assessing its prevalence using three-dimensional methodology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of maxillary atresia in a clinical sample, characterize its severity, and analyse its association with sex and age using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted including 400 patients who underwent CBCT examination. Transverse discrepancy was determined by calculating the difference between maxillary and mandibular widths, allowing an objective and quantitative assessment. Cases were classified according to the presence and severity of atresia (mild, moderate, and severe). Statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 29 for Windows). Results: The overall prevalence of maxillary atresia was 92.5%. Mild and moderate forms were the most frequent, although a relevant proportion presented severe atresia. No statistically significant differences were found between sexes regarding the presence or severity of atresia. Concerning age, no significant differences were observed in the presence of discrepancy, however, statistically significant differences were found in severity, with a progressive reduction of severe atresia in older age groups. Conclusion: Maxillary atresia shows a high prevalence in the studied sample, reinforcing the importance of systematic transverse evaluation during orthodontic diagnosis. Severity appears to vary with age but not with sex. The use of CBCT enabled an accurate three-dimensional assessment, representing a relevant contribution to the study of maxillary transverse discrepancy.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Atresia maxilar Discrepância transversal Tomografia computadorizada de feixe cónico Má oclusão Mordida cruzada Maxillary atresia Transverse discrepancy Cone beam computed tomography Malocclusion Crossbite
Contexto Educativo
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Licença CC
Sem licença CC