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As alterações climáticas devem constituir prioridade máxima para os países e cidades de todo o mundo. Há quem debata que uma condição prévia para a sua mitigação é que aquelas sejam tratadas como uma questão moral, onde os benefícios individuais a curto-prazo devem ser sacrificados em prol de um bem comum a longo prazo. Esta dissertação pretende caraterizar a realidade do setor energético no âmbito doméstico quanto ao seu impacto ambiental negativo e analisar as principais teorias sociocomportamentais que procuram explicar o comportamento individual de consumo de carbono, e assim identificar a origem e os estímulos que condicionam as escolhas e decisões dos consumidores. Para tal, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica da evidência através da base de dados Scopus. Foi igualmente realizado um questionário online de avaliação de aspetos sociodemográficos e sociocomportamentais junto de uma amostra da população residente em Portugal. Da revisão da literatura, conclui-se existirem 4 teorias comummente utilizadas: teoria valor-crença-norma (relação entre os valores, o sistema de crenças e normas pessoais e sociais), teoria do comportamento planeado (foco na intenção pessoal que, por sua vez, leva a um determinado tipo de comportamento), teoria ABC (influência dos fatores externos) e teoria NAT (explora os motivos que levam alguém a agir de maneira altruísta). Da análise qualitativa dos resultados obtidos no questionário, foi possível extrapolar para a amostra da população estudada que existe um maior foco nos fatores externos, em detrimento de uma maior auto-consciencialização acerca do tema. Conclui-se que a solução deverá passar, inevitavelmente, pela aplicação prática dos ensinamentos retirados da análise das teorias sociocomportamentais, que nos mostram a variedade de fatores responsáveis pelo comportamento de cada pessoa.
Climate change should be a top priority for countries and cities around the world. Some argue that a precondition for its mitigation is that it should be treated as a moral issue, where short-term individual benefits should be sacrificed for the sake of a long-term common good. This dissertation aims to characterize the reality of the domestic energy sector regarding its negative environmental impact and to analyse the main socio-behavioral theories that seek to explain the individual behavior of carbon consumption, and thus identify the origin and the stimuli that condition the choices and decisions of consumers. To this end, a literature review of the evidence was conducted using the Scopus database. It was also performed an online questionnaire to assess socio demographic and socio-behavioural aspects with a sample of the population living in Portugal. From the literature review, it was concluded that there are 4 commonly used theories: value-belief-norm theory (relationship between values, belief system and personal and social norms), theory of planned behaviour (focus on the personal intention which, in turn, leads to a certain type of behaviour), ABC theory (influence of external factors) and NAT theory (explores the reasons that lead someone to act in an altruistic way). From the qualitative analysis of the results obtained from the questionnaire, it was possible to extrapolate for the sample of the population studied that there is a greater focus on external factors, to the detriment of a greater self-awareness on the subject. In conclusion, the solution must inevitably involve the practical application of the lessons drawn from the analysis of socio-behavioural theories, which show us the variety of factors responsible for the behaviour of each person.
Climate change should be a top priority for countries and cities around the world. Some argue that a precondition for its mitigation is that it should be treated as a moral issue, where short-term individual benefits should be sacrificed for the sake of a long-term common good. This dissertation aims to characterize the reality of the domestic energy sector regarding its negative environmental impact and to analyse the main socio-behavioral theories that seek to explain the individual behavior of carbon consumption, and thus identify the origin and the stimuli that condition the choices and decisions of consumers. To this end, a literature review of the evidence was conducted using the Scopus database. It was also performed an online questionnaire to assess socio demographic and socio-behavioural aspects with a sample of the population living in Portugal. From the literature review, it was concluded that there are 4 commonly used theories: value-belief-norm theory (relationship between values, belief system and personal and social norms), theory of planned behaviour (focus on the personal intention which, in turn, leads to a certain type of behaviour), ABC theory (influence of external factors) and NAT theory (explores the reasons that lead someone to act in an altruistic way). From the qualitative analysis of the results obtained from the questionnaire, it was possible to extrapolate for the sample of the population studied that there is a greater focus on external factors, to the detriment of a greater self-awareness on the subject. In conclusion, the solution must inevitably involve the practical application of the lessons drawn from the analysis of socio-behavioural theories, which show us the variety of factors responsible for the behaviour of each person.
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Consumo de energia Pegada de carbono Consumo doméstico Comportamento social Eficiência Preços de mercado Crise energética Transição energética Impactos ambientais Economia circular Energy consumption Carbon footprint Household Social behaviour Efficiency Market prices Energy crises Energy transition Environment impacts Circular economy