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Oral health in inflammatory bowel disease: the overlooked impact and the potential role of salivary calprotectin

2025-12-01Research article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorRodrigues, Cláudio
dc.contributor.authorGomes, Ana T. P. C.
dc.contributor.authorLeal, Joana
dc.contributor.authorPereira, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorLopes, Pedro C.
dc.contributor.authorMendes, Karina
dc.contributor.authorCorreia, Maria J.
dc.contributor.authorVeiga, Nélio
dc.contributor.authorRosa, Nuno
dc.contributor.authorSoares, Caroline
dc.contributor.authorMinistro, Paula
dc.date.accessioned2025-08-05T10:12:13Z
dc.date.available2025-08-05T10:12:13Z
dc.date.issued2025-12-01
dc.description.abstractBackground: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), a chronic condition characterized by gastrointestinal inflammation, is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Emerging evidence suggests a “mouth-gut axis,” with the oral cavity reflecting extra-intestinal manifestations of IBD. This study evaluated the oral health status of IBD patients and the potential of salivary calprotectin (SCP) as a biomarker for assessing IBD activity and oral health. Methods: Oral health was assessed in 100 IBD patients [60 with Crohn’s disease (CD) and 40 with ulcerative colitis (UC)] and 14 controls. Evaluations included the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) Score, Periodontal Diagnosis and the need for dental or prosthetic treatment. Saliva and stool samples were collected to measure SCP and faecal calprotectin (FCP) levels using the Elia Calprotectin 2 Test. IBD activity was evaluated with FCP, the Harvey-Bradshaw Index for CD, and the Partial Mayo Score for UC. Results: The DMFT index mean was comparable between IBD patients (mean 7.99, SD 7.73) and controls (mean 10.00, SD 6.49). However, periodontal disease was significantly more prevalent in IBD patients (57% in CD, 70% in UC) than in controls (29%), with severe cases (stages III/IV) more frequent in IBD. Additionally, 89% of IBD patients required dental treatment, and 39% needed prosthetic rehabilitation. SCP levels showed no significant correlation with disease activity or oral health status, while FCP correlated with C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Conclusions: This study underscores the need for improved oral health management in IBD patients and suggests that SCP may not be a reliable biomarker for monitoring IBD or periodontal disease.eng
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/s12903-025-06064-5
dc.identifier.eid105005221378
dc.identifier.issn1472-6831
dc.identifier.other59876047-4ad2-4b7f-9f63-201c4d81ad66
dc.identifier.pmcPMC12082920
dc.identifier.pmid40375227
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/54139
dc.identifier.wos001489561400001
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectInflammatory bowel disease
dc.subjectOral health
dc.subjectSalivary calprotectin
dc.titleOral health in inflammatory bowel disease: the overlooked impact and the potential role of salivary calprotectineng
dc.typeresearch article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue1
oaire.citation.titleBMC Oral Health
oaire.citation.volume25
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85

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