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Abstract(s)
Após uma breve resenha sobre a história da infecção nosocomial e sobre seu conceito actual, é chamada atenção para a relevância que a infecção associada à prestação de cuidados de saúde actualmente assume, mostrando-se a sua prevalência em países ocidentais, de elevado nível de desenvolvimento, onde a infecção nosocomial mostra valores preocupantes, com graves consequências sociais e económicas, pelo aumento da morbilidade e da mortalidade que condiciona, e naturalmente maior sofrimento humano. A instituição de normas de prevenção adequadas e o seu cumprimento estrito podem reduzir a taxa de infecção nosocomial, cujo âmbito é hoje mais vasto, pois abrange toda a infecção que resulte da prestação de cuidados de saúde, qualquer que seja o local em que sejam praticados. Referem-se o tipo de infecções mais comuns, bem como os factores que podem propiciar a sua ocorrência. De igual modo se realça a crescente eclosão das resistências microbianas e as normas que devem ser seguidas na prescrição de antibióticos. É chamada a atenção para a importância das funções que competem às Comissões de Controlo da Infecção, pilar fulcral nessa luta. A situação vivida em Portugal e a análise dos vários inquéritos realizados pela Direcção Geral da Saúde são também focadas.
After a short review on the history of nosocomial infection and its current concept, the relevance assumed nowadays by healthcare-associated infections is enhanced. Worrying nosocomial infection rates are registered in developed Western Countries, with serious socio-economics repercussions, as a consequence of the increase in morbidity and mortality rates. Programmes for the prevention of nosocomial infection and their strict compliance can reduce its rate. The scope of nosocomial infection is greater nowadays, as it covers all healthcare-associated infections independently of the location where the healthcare is rendered, including health centres and nursing homes. The more common nosocomial infections and their etiologic agents, as well as the conditions which can favour their occurrence are pointed out. The increase of antimicrobial resistance and the need of guidelines for a correct use of antibiotics are also enhanced. The fundamental role of the Health Services for Infection Control is noted.. Finally, the Portuguese situation and the national surveys on nosocomial infection prevalence, carried out by the Directorate-General of Health, are also analyzed.
After a short review on the history of nosocomial infection and its current concept, the relevance assumed nowadays by healthcare-associated infections is enhanced. Worrying nosocomial infection rates are registered in developed Western Countries, with serious socio-economics repercussions, as a consequence of the increase in morbidity and mortality rates. Programmes for the prevention of nosocomial infection and their strict compliance can reduce its rate. The scope of nosocomial infection is greater nowadays, as it covers all healthcare-associated infections independently of the location where the healthcare is rendered, including health centres and nursing homes. The more common nosocomial infections and their etiologic agents, as well as the conditions which can favour their occurrence are pointed out. The increase of antimicrobial resistance and the need of guidelines for a correct use of antibiotics are also enhanced. The fundamental role of the Health Services for Infection Control is noted.. Finally, the Portuguese situation and the national surveys on nosocomial infection prevalence, carried out by the Directorate-General of Health, are also analyzed.
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Keywords
Infecção nosocomial Infecção hospitalar Infecção associada a cuidados de saúde Nosocomial infection Hospital-acquired infection Healthcare associated infections