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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Atendendo à fragilidade da nossa economia, não será de estranhar que nos
deparemos hodiernamente com um número crescente de insolvências, quer de empresas,
quer de pessoas singulares.
Assim, com a entrada em vigor do Código de Insolvência e da Recuperação de
Empresas aprovado pelo D.L n. º 53/2004, de 18 de março, o legislador adotou medidas
de regulação de endividamento, entre as quais se pretende destacar a exoneração do
passivo restante, prevista nos arts. 235. º e seguintes do CIRE.
No fundo, a introdução deste mecanismo conforma o princípio do ressarcimento
dos credores, ao mesmo tempo que atribui aos devedores a possibilidade de reabilitação
económica.
Cumpre igualmente alertar para o facto de no atual panorama mundial, em pleno
contexto de pandemia, o número de insolvências de pessoas singulares está a aumentar e
assim continuará com a perda de emprego por arrastamento das insolvências de empresas.
Desta senda, move-nos uma pura curiosidade intelectual sobre o tema, bem como
a extrema relevância atual do mesmo, o que, desde logo, nos compele ao seu
aprofundamento.
Comprometemo-nos, num primeiro momento, a analisar o instituto da exoneração
do passivo restante, nomeadamente, os seus fundamentos e pressupostos, bem como a
tramitação subjacente.
Dissecaremos ainda algumas das questões mais controversas e dicotómicas que
este instituto convoca, através de uma análise detalhada da jurisprudência e doutrina
portuguesas, sendo que, paralelamente, propomo-nos a analisar identicamente
determinada legislação e doutrina estrangeira, apondo uma comparação de soluções.
Por último, será intento traçar possíveis posições acerca das divergências
avançadas ao longo da investigação.
Given the fragility of our economy, it is not surprising that we are facing an increasing number of insolvencies, both of companies and individuals. Thus, with the entry of the Insolvency Code approved by the Decree-Law number 53/2004, of March 18th, the legislator adopted measures to regulate indebtedness, among which is the Exemption from Remaining Liabilities, provided for in articles 235. º and following of the Insolvency Code. In essence, the introduction of this mechanism conforms to the principle of compensating creditors while giving debtors the possibility of economic rehabilitation. We should also point out that in the current global scenario, during a pandemic, the number of insolvencies of individuals is increasing and will continue to do so with the loss of jobs as a result of business insolvencies. In this way, we are moved by a pure intellectual curiosity about the theme, as well as its extreme relevance today, which immediately compels us to deepen it. We undertake, in a first step, to analyze the institute of Exemption from Remaining Liabilities, namely, its foundations, assumptions, as well as the underlying procedure. We will also dissect some of the most controversial and dichotomous issues raised by this institute through a detailed analysis of Portuguese jurisprudence and doctrine and in parallel, we propose to analyze certain foreign legislation and doctrine and compare solutions. Finally, it will be an attempt to outline possible positions about the problems advanced throughout the research.
Given the fragility of our economy, it is not surprising that we are facing an increasing number of insolvencies, both of companies and individuals. Thus, with the entry of the Insolvency Code approved by the Decree-Law number 53/2004, of March 18th, the legislator adopted measures to regulate indebtedness, among which is the Exemption from Remaining Liabilities, provided for in articles 235. º and following of the Insolvency Code. In essence, the introduction of this mechanism conforms to the principle of compensating creditors while giving debtors the possibility of economic rehabilitation. We should also point out that in the current global scenario, during a pandemic, the number of insolvencies of individuals is increasing and will continue to do so with the loss of jobs as a result of business insolvencies. In this way, we are moved by a pure intellectual curiosity about the theme, as well as its extreme relevance today, which immediately compels us to deepen it. We undertake, in a first step, to analyze the institute of Exemption from Remaining Liabilities, namely, its foundations, assumptions, as well as the underlying procedure. We will also dissect some of the most controversial and dichotomous issues raised by this institute through a detailed analysis of Portuguese jurisprudence and doctrine and in parallel, we propose to analyze certain foreign legislation and doctrine and compare solutions. Finally, it will be an attempt to outline possible positions about the problems advanced throughout the research.
Description
Keywords
Insolvência Exoneração do passivo restante Devedor Credor Prejuízo dos credores Cessão de rendimentos Diretiva Insolvency Exemption from remaining liabilities Debtor Creditor Loss of creditors Assignment of income Directive