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Rethinking implant length: a density-dependent analysis of primary stability-an in vitro evaluation using resonance frequency analysis and insertion torque

2026-06-19Artigo de investigação Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorGehrke, Sergio Alexandre
dc.contributor.authorMosley, Gracey
dc.contributor.authorFernandes, Juliana Campos Hasse
dc.contributor.authorFernandes, Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-29T15:43:13Z
dc.date.available2026-06-29T15:43:13Z
dc.date.issued2026-06-19
dc.description.abstractPurpose: Accurate assessment of the primary stability of dental implants is essential for predicting osseointegration and determining loading protocols. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the primary stability of dental implants of varying lengths across simulated bone densities using the insertion torque value (ITV) and resonance frequency analysis (RFA). Materials and Methods: Morse-taper implants (5.0 mm diameter) were divided into four groups based on length: 5, 6, 7, and 8 mm. Implants were placed into polyurethane foam blocks of varying densities: PCF 40, PCF 30 (with 2 and 1 mm cortical layers), and PCF 20 (with a 1 mm cortical layer). Primary stability was measured via ITV and RFA, yielding an implant stability quotient (ISQ). Results: In high-density foam (PCF 40), both ITV and ISQ increased proportionally with implant length, with the 8 mm implant demonstrating the highest stability (ITV=109.26Æ 4.79 Ncm and ISQ =73.5Æ 2.32). Conversely, in low-density foam (PCF 20/1 mm), a direct relationship was observed, where the shortest implant (5 mm) exhibited the lowest stability (ITV = 36.8 Æ 3.27 Ncm and ISQ = 45.8 Æ 2.66), whereas the highest stability was presented by the 8 mm implant (ITV = 61.36 Æ 2.00 Ncm and ISQ = 56.3 Æ 2.67). Conclusion: Implant length significantly influences primary stability, but its effect is highly dependent on bone density. While shorter implants provide sufficient primary stability and may reduce surgical risks in highly dense bone, increased implant length is crucial for achieving superior primary stability in poor-quality bone with thin cortical plates.eng
dc.identifier.doi10.1155/ijod/4201028
dc.identifier.eid105042376767
dc.identifier.other4e99786d-9910-4abc-adc1-2e6e93341806
dc.identifier.pmcPMC13280807
dc.identifier.pmid42325699
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/58351
dc.identifier.wos001797085600001
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherJohn Wiley and Sons Ltd
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectBone densityeng
dc.subjectDental implantseng
dc.subjectImplant lengtheng
dc.subjectimplant stability quotient (ISQ)eng
dc.subjectInsertion torqueeng
dc.subjectPrimary stabilityeng
dc.subjectResonance frequency analysiseng
dc.titleRethinking implant length: a density-dependent analysis of primary stability-an in vitro evaluation using resonance frequency analysis and insertion torque
dc.typeresearch article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue1
oaire.citation.volume2026
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85

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