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Avaliação dos efeitos da aplicação de micorrizas ericóides no crescimento de mirtilo (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)
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O mirtilo (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) apresenta um sistema radicular muito superficial e compacto, sem pêlos radiculares. Como tal, estas plantas tendem a estabelecer simbiose com fungos ericóides micorrízicos (FEM), o que lhes permite aumentar a absorção de nutrientes e água. Como a colonização natural é frequentemente reduzida e dependente da cultivar e das práticas agronómicas, a inoculação externa com fungos micorrízicos tem vindo a ser utilizada pelos viveiristas para aumentar a taxa de fungos simbiontes. Contudo, a relação planta/fungos ericóides está ainda pouco estudada e o modo como estes microsimbiontes melhoram o crescimento e a nutrição do mirtilo necessita de ser elucidado. Neste estudo, foram inoculadas duas cultivares de mirtilo (‘Aurora’ e ‘Duke’) com uma mistura comercial de FEM. Cerca de 14 meses após inoculação foi avaliada a taxa de colonização das raízes e foram registados vários parâmetros biométricos (peso seco, altura da planta, diâmetro do caule e comprimento da raíz), fisiológicos (teor de clorofila das folhas) e nutricionais (concentração de minerais inorgânicos) em plantas submetidas a tratamento com inóculo e plantas controlo. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a percentagem de peso fresco das raízes naturalmente colonizada por fungos ericóides foi aproximadamente 30 % para ambas as cultivares (plantas controlo), aumentando para 56 % na ‘Aurora’ e para 44 % na ‘Duke’ em plantas inoculadas com mistura de FEM. Nas plantas inoculadas da cv. ‘Aurora’, observou-se um aumento significativo do peso seco total das raízes (48 %) e dos caules (31 %) comparativamente às plantas controlo. Paralelamente, também se verificou um aumento significativo da altura das plantas e do comprimento das raízes. Já na cv. ‘Duke’ o efeito da inoculação não foi significativo em nenhum dos parâmetros biométricos estudados. A inoculação induziu a acumulação de Mo nas raízes e de K nos caules e folhas na cv. ‘Aurora’, e aumentou a concentração de Mn, Fe e Cu nas raízes e caules (em alguns casos por 280 %) na cv. ‘Duke’. A inoculação de plantas de mirtilo com fungos ericóides tem um potencial evidente no estímulo do crescimento das plantas e absorção de nutrientes; no entanto, a sua eficácia parece estar dependente da cultivar.
Blueberry plants (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) have a superficial and compact root system without root hairs. As such, these plants form symbiotic associations with ericoid mycorrhizal fungi (EMF), which allow the increase of water and nutrients´uptake. As natural colonization is often low and dependent on plant cultivar and agronomic practices, plant external inoculation with fungi enriched media has been used in the past decades by blueberry growers to increase the load of symbiotic fungi. However, the symbiotic relationship between blueberry plants and EMF is still greatly unexplored and how these microsymbionts enhance plant growth and nutrition has yet to be elucidated. In this work, two blueberry cultivars (‘Aurora’ and ‘Duke’) were inoculated with a commercial EMF mixture. Approximately 14 months after inoculation root colonization rate was evaluated and several biometric (dry weight, plant height, stem diameter and root length), physiological (leaf chlorophyll content) and nutritional (concentration of inorganic minerals) parameters were registered in plants submitted to inoculation with EMF and control plants. Results showed that the percentage of root fresh weigh naturally colonized by ericoid fungi was ca. 30 % for both cultivars (control plants), increasing to 56 % in ‘Aurora’ and 44 % in ‘Duke’ after EMF addition. In inoculated ‘Aurora’ plants there was a significant increase in total dry weight of the roots (48 %) and stem (31 %), compared with control plants. Likewise, a significant increase in plant height and root length was also observed. In cv. ‘Duke’, inoculation did not induce significant alterations in any of the biometric parameters analysed. Plant inoculation enhanced Mo accumulation in roots and K in stem and leaves in cv, ‘Aurora’ and increased Mn, Fe and Cu concentration in roots and stem (in some cases by 280 %) in cv. ‘Duke’. Inoculation of blueberry plants with ericoid fungi has a clear potential to stimulate plant growth and nutrient uptake; however, its efficiency seems to be dependent on plant cultivar.
Blueberry plants (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) have a superficial and compact root system without root hairs. As such, these plants form symbiotic associations with ericoid mycorrhizal fungi (EMF), which allow the increase of water and nutrients´uptake. As natural colonization is often low and dependent on plant cultivar and agronomic practices, plant external inoculation with fungi enriched media has been used in the past decades by blueberry growers to increase the load of symbiotic fungi. However, the symbiotic relationship between blueberry plants and EMF is still greatly unexplored and how these microsymbionts enhance plant growth and nutrition has yet to be elucidated. In this work, two blueberry cultivars (‘Aurora’ and ‘Duke’) were inoculated with a commercial EMF mixture. Approximately 14 months after inoculation root colonization rate was evaluated and several biometric (dry weight, plant height, stem diameter and root length), physiological (leaf chlorophyll content) and nutritional (concentration of inorganic minerals) parameters were registered in plants submitted to inoculation with EMF and control plants. Results showed that the percentage of root fresh weigh naturally colonized by ericoid fungi was ca. 30 % for both cultivars (control plants), increasing to 56 % in ‘Aurora’ and 44 % in ‘Duke’ after EMF addition. In inoculated ‘Aurora’ plants there was a significant increase in total dry weight of the roots (48 %) and stem (31 %), compared with control plants. Likewise, a significant increase in plant height and root length was also observed. In cv. ‘Duke’, inoculation did not induce significant alterations in any of the biometric parameters analysed. Plant inoculation enhanced Mo accumulation in roots and K in stem and leaves in cv, ‘Aurora’ and increased Mn, Fe and Cu concentration in roots and stem (in some cases by 280 %) in cv. ‘Duke’. Inoculation of blueberry plants with ericoid fungi has a clear potential to stimulate plant growth and nutrient uptake; however, its efficiency seems to be dependent on plant cultivar.
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Associação Portuguesa de Horticultura (APH)
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Without CC licence