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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A presente tese tem como objetivo o estudo da figura da Força Maior e a possibilidade
de a Pandemia COVID-19 se poder enquadrar neste regime, que permite a exoneração da
responsabilidade da parte faltosa, em concreto nos contratos de Fusões e Aquisições
(contratos de M&A).
Em primeiro lugar, será feita uma breve análise desta figura no Direito internacional e
de como esta se desenvolveu até à atualidade. Para isto, será apurado o impacto que teve
em certos ordenamentos jurídicos e como se moldou a cada um deles, analisando-se
depois, concretamente, as teorias que resultaram deste desenvolvimento, sendo elas as
teorias da impossibilidade superveniente, da frustração e da impraticabilidade.
Posteriormente, será estudada a figura da Força Maior no ordenamento jurídico
português, de forma a entender como foi introduzida e como se encontra disposta no
Direito nacional nos dias de hoje. Em seguida desenvolver-se-á uma análise mais atenta
do regime da impossibilidade superveniente.
Devido ao interesse transversal desta figura, analisar-se-á também legislação
internacional e o seu acolhimento e concretização da Força Maior, nomeadamente, na
Convenção das Nações Unidas para a Venda Internacional de Mercadorias, bem como
nos Princípios UNIDROIT Relativos aos Contratos Comerciais Internacionais.
Por fim, será examinada a presença das cláusulas de Força Maior nos contratos de
M&A e a sua necessidade e modo de estipulação, para que depois se possa aferir a
possibilidade de a Pandemia, que tem vindo a assombrar este tipo de contratos, se poder
incluir numa destas cláusulas e quais as consequências contratuais que daí advêm.
The purpose of this thesis is to study the rule of Force Majeure and the possibility of COVID-19 Pandemic being able to fit into this regime, which allows for the exemption of liability by the defaulting party, specifically in M&A contracts. Firstly, a brief analysis of this regime under international law will be carried out, focusing on how it has developed towards these days. In order to do so, the impact that the rule of Force Majeure had on specific legal systems and how that shaped each one of them will be ascertained. Later the theories that resulted from these developments will be specifically analyzed, such as the theories of supervening impossibility, frustration and impracticability. Subsequently, the figure of Force Majeure in the Portuguese legal system will be studied, in order to understand how it was introduced and how it is arranged in national law today. This will be achieved through a closer analysis of the regime of supervening impossibility. Due to this figure’s transversal interest, it will also be analyzed under international legislation. Force Majeure’s reception and concretization will also be specifically studied under the United Nations Convention for the International Sale of Goods and under the UNIDROIT Principles Related to International Commercial Contracts. Finally, the presence of Force Majeure clauses in M&A contracts will be examined, as well as their necessity and method of stipulation, so that it can then be assessed whether the Pandemic, that has been haunting this type of contracts may be included in one of these clauses and what contractual consequences may occur.
The purpose of this thesis is to study the rule of Force Majeure and the possibility of COVID-19 Pandemic being able to fit into this regime, which allows for the exemption of liability by the defaulting party, specifically in M&A contracts. Firstly, a brief analysis of this regime under international law will be carried out, focusing on how it has developed towards these days. In order to do so, the impact that the rule of Force Majeure had on specific legal systems and how that shaped each one of them will be ascertained. Later the theories that resulted from these developments will be specifically analyzed, such as the theories of supervening impossibility, frustration and impracticability. Subsequently, the figure of Force Majeure in the Portuguese legal system will be studied, in order to understand how it was introduced and how it is arranged in national law today. This will be achieved through a closer analysis of the regime of supervening impossibility. Due to this figure’s transversal interest, it will also be analyzed under international legislation. Force Majeure’s reception and concretization will also be specifically studied under the United Nations Convention for the International Sale of Goods and under the UNIDROIT Principles Related to International Commercial Contracts. Finally, the presence of Force Majeure clauses in M&A contracts will be examined, as well as their necessity and method of stipulation, so that it can then be assessed whether the Pandemic, that has been haunting this type of contracts may be included in one of these clauses and what contractual consequences may occur.
Description
Keywords
Impossibilidade Força Maior Exoneração Contratos de M&A Cláusulas de Força Maior Pandemia COVID-19 Impossibility Force Majeure Exoneration M&A Contracts Force Majeure Clauses Pandemic