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Hidroxiapatite de origem marinha modificada com ferro utilizada na constituição de um protetor solar
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Abstract(s)
INTRODUÇÃO: O presente trabalho visou a valorização de um sub-produto que para se tornar num composto eficaz na proteção das radiações UV e assim, poder ser incorporado numa formulação cremosa base. Utilizou-se as espinhas de bacalhau, pela fácil aquisição e baixo valor económico. As espinhas de bacalhau têm na sua constituição hidroxiapatite – HAp – que é um fosfato de cálcio biocompatível e que poderia funcionar como um veículo para a formulação de um filtro solar. Para esse filtro ser efetivo incorporou-se na estrutura da HAp o ferro para se obter um agente que absorvesse as radiações UV. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi o melhoramento da propriedade de absorção da luz UV hidroxiapatite, para obter um material que fosse ao mesmo tempo biocompatível/não tóxico e absorvente. MÉTODOS: Para se incorporar o ferro na estrutura do fosfato de cálcio elaboraram-se soluções com esse ião, que por sua vez foram colocadas em contacto com as espinhas durante 3 e 5 horas. Foram utilizadas diferentes fontes de ferro – FeCl2, C6H10FeO6 e Fe(NO₀)₀ - para se perceber qual destas possuía maior e melhor taxa de incorporação. Seguidamente as espinhas foram calcinadas e moídas em pó. Por forma a otimizar o tamanho das partículas dos pós, para fazer parte de um produto cosmético, submeteram-se as amostras a dois tipo de tratamento – high energy ball milling e ultrassom. Formularam-se cremes com diferentes concentrações e tratamentos para se estudar qual seria a combinação ideal. Depois de ter a formulação cremosa elaborada com todas as condições ideais, foram medidos o SPF - Sun Protection Factor - a razão UVA/UVB e a cor em condições de temperatura ambiente e temperatura de 60º C. RESULTADOS: As melhores condições foram obtidas com o tratamento em solução de FeCl2 durante 3horas. Entre os dois tratamentos a que o pó foi submetido, o que se revelou melhor para integração no protetor solar foi a high energy ball milling. Reunidas todas estas condições, seguiu-se então a formulação de um creme protetor. Este apresentou um valor de SPF na ordem dos 3,5, uma razão UVA/UVB igual a 1 e uma cor vermelha à temperatura ambiente e avermelhada à temperatura de 60º C. CONCLUSÕES: Pela realização deste trabalho permitiu verificar a viabilidade da produção deste tipo de produto cosmético, com base num sub-produto alimentar. De referir que o fator de proteção é inferior ao das formulações comerciais - que utilizam TiO2 – contudo, o produto elaborado apresenta um razão UVA/UVB igual a 1, valor melhor que os produtos comerciais.
INTRODUCTION: This study aimed at the valorisation of a by-product, to make it as an effective protector for the UV radiation, and to incorporate it in a creamy base formulation. We used the cod fish bones considering their local availability as by-product of the food industry. Hydroxyapatite (HAp), the main component of codfish bones, is a biocompatible calcium phosphate that could be used for the formulation of a sunscreen. For this material becoming effective in ultraviolet absorption, iron has to be incorporated in its structure. Therefore, the objective of the present work was the improvement of the UV light absorbing properties of the hydroxyapatite, to obtain a material which was both biocompatible and UV filtering. METHODS: To incorporate the iron in the calcium phosphate structure, bones were places in contact with the solutions containing the iron ion; contact times of for 3 and 5 hours were tested. Different sources of iron - FeCl2, C6H10FeO6 and Fe (NO₀) ₀ - were used, to see which of these had most effective incorporation rate. Subsequently, the bones were calcined and crushed manually. To optimize the particle size of the powders, to be incorporated into a cosmetic product, the samples underwent two kind of treatment - high energy ball milling and ultrasound. Creams with different powder concentrations and/or treatment were formulated, to study what the ideal combination. The best creams were tested to determine the SPF - Sun Protection Factor – the UVA / UVB ratio and color under ambient conditions and temperature of 60º C. RESULTS: The best conditions were obtained with a 3hour treatment in FeCl2 solution. Between the two treatment methods of the powder described above, the high energy ball milling gave better results. Gathered all these conditions, then followed by the development of a protective cream. The protective cream had a reddish color (color coordinates: L = 53.55, a = 16.93 and b = 16.98 at room temperature and L = 31.49, a = 15.00 and b = 12.11 at 60 oC), a SPF value around of 3.5; the UVA / UVB ratio it was equal to 1. CONCLUSIONS: This work it was shown the feasibility of producing this type of cosmetic product, derived from food by-product. It should be noted that the protection factor is lower than that of commercial formulations - using TiO2 - however, the prepared product has a UVA / UVB ratio equal to 1, a factor that is better than that of the commercial products.
INTRODUCTION: This study aimed at the valorisation of a by-product, to make it as an effective protector for the UV radiation, and to incorporate it in a creamy base formulation. We used the cod fish bones considering their local availability as by-product of the food industry. Hydroxyapatite (HAp), the main component of codfish bones, is a biocompatible calcium phosphate that could be used for the formulation of a sunscreen. For this material becoming effective in ultraviolet absorption, iron has to be incorporated in its structure. Therefore, the objective of the present work was the improvement of the UV light absorbing properties of the hydroxyapatite, to obtain a material which was both biocompatible and UV filtering. METHODS: To incorporate the iron in the calcium phosphate structure, bones were places in contact with the solutions containing the iron ion; contact times of for 3 and 5 hours were tested. Different sources of iron - FeCl2, C6H10FeO6 and Fe (NO₀) ₀ - were used, to see which of these had most effective incorporation rate. Subsequently, the bones were calcined and crushed manually. To optimize the particle size of the powders, to be incorporated into a cosmetic product, the samples underwent two kind of treatment - high energy ball milling and ultrasound. Creams with different powder concentrations and/or treatment were formulated, to study what the ideal combination. The best creams were tested to determine the SPF - Sun Protection Factor – the UVA / UVB ratio and color under ambient conditions and temperature of 60º C. RESULTS: The best conditions were obtained with a 3hour treatment in FeCl2 solution. Between the two treatment methods of the powder described above, the high energy ball milling gave better results. Gathered all these conditions, then followed by the development of a protective cream. The protective cream had a reddish color (color coordinates: L = 53.55, a = 16.93 and b = 16.98 at room temperature and L = 31.49, a = 15.00 and b = 12.11 at 60 oC), a SPF value around of 3.5; the UVA / UVB ratio it was equal to 1. CONCLUSIONS: This work it was shown the feasibility of producing this type of cosmetic product, derived from food by-product. It should be noted that the protection factor is lower than that of commercial formulations - using TiO2 - however, the prepared product has a UVA / UVB ratio equal to 1, a factor that is better than that of the commercial products.