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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Thomas Hobbes é considerado justamente como uma das figuras decisivas da história da
filosofia política moderna. Entre as suas variadas contribuições encontramos o seu
entendimento da liberdade, como «ausência de impedimentos externos ao movimento». Esta
proposta hobbesiana tem sido devidamente estudada ao longo das últimas décadas, e não é
raro verificarmos comparações entre a sua liberdade corpórea e os entendimentos hodiernos
da «liberdade negativa». Neste trabalho pomos em marcha uma tentativa de enquadrar a
proposta hobbesiana de liberdade no próprio processo de desenvolvimento de um
entendimento peculiarmente moderno da liberdade, na senda de Benjamin Constant. Será que
podemos ver, em Hobbes, os sinais daquela que seria a «liberdade dos modernos»? Vamos
ver a forma como a crítica de Hobbes ao livre-arbítrio e à liberdade política (republicana) vai
constituir um marco relevantíssimo na história das ideias.
Mas também pretendemos mostrar que o entendimento hobbesiano da liberdade foi
acompanhado simultaneamente por um trabalho de despolitização, i.e. de neutralização da
acção e da palavra do cidadão enquanto figura predominante da vida cívica. Se a «liberdade
dos modernos» vai centrar-se essencialmente no domínio privado da existência humana, então
a liberdade hobbesiana vai encontrar-se ao lado de uma crítica da dignidade e valor da vita
activa e da figura do cidadão. Hobbes será um dos grandes críticos da ideia clássica da
cidadania, e neste trabalho revisitamos esta crítica. Colocaremos o inglês vis-à-vis Aristóteles
e Cícero: ou seja, este trabalho atira o polémico Hobbes para o meio da querela entre os
Antigos e os Modernos. Dessa forma tornar-se-á mais claro e perceptível o papel de Hobbes
como grande filósofo dos tempos modernos, e esperamos que o leitor possa compreender a
forma como o filósofo de Malmesbury foi determinante para tantas e importantes questões
que nos colocamos ainda hoje.
Thomas Hobbes is justly considered as a decisively important name in the history of modern political philosophy. Throughout his numerous contributions we find his understanding of liberty, as «absence of external impediments to motion». This concept has been seriously studied throughout the last decades and it has not been rare to witness some comparisons between his understanding of corporeal liberty and contemporary views on «negative liberty». In this work we attempt to fit the Hobbesian understanding of liberty in the development of a peculiarly modern sense of liberty, as characterized by Benjamin Constant. Can we observe in Hobbes a first sight of the «liberty of the moderns»? We will address the way Hobbes’s criticism of free-will and political (republican) liberty will mark a great moment in the history of ideas. We will also attempt to show how that understanding of liberty was accompanied by an endeavour aimed at depoliticisation, i.e. on the neutralisation of the action and claims of the citizen as a leading actor in civic life. If the «liberty of the moderns» will be essentially centred on the private domain of human existence, then Hobbesian liberty will find itself alongside a critique on the dignity and value of the vita activa and of the model of the citizen. Hobbes will be one of the great challengers of the classical idea of citizenship. Here we revisit that hobbesian animadversion. We will put Hobbes vis-à-vis Aristotle and Cicero: that is, this essay puts the polemical philosopher in the middle of the quarrel between the Ancients and the Moderns. Hence, Hobbes’s role as a great philosopher of modernity will become more intelligible; and we hope the reader will be able to grasp the ways the philosopher of Malmesbury was crucial for so numerous and relevant matters that we still question nowadays.
Thomas Hobbes is justly considered as a decisively important name in the history of modern political philosophy. Throughout his numerous contributions we find his understanding of liberty, as «absence of external impediments to motion». This concept has been seriously studied throughout the last decades and it has not been rare to witness some comparisons between his understanding of corporeal liberty and contemporary views on «negative liberty». In this work we attempt to fit the Hobbesian understanding of liberty in the development of a peculiarly modern sense of liberty, as characterized by Benjamin Constant. Can we observe in Hobbes a first sight of the «liberty of the moderns»? We will address the way Hobbes’s criticism of free-will and political (republican) liberty will mark a great moment in the history of ideas. We will also attempt to show how that understanding of liberty was accompanied by an endeavour aimed at depoliticisation, i.e. on the neutralisation of the action and claims of the citizen as a leading actor in civic life. If the «liberty of the moderns» will be essentially centred on the private domain of human existence, then Hobbesian liberty will find itself alongside a critique on the dignity and value of the vita activa and of the model of the citizen. Hobbes will be one of the great challengers of the classical idea of citizenship. Here we revisit that hobbesian animadversion. We will put Hobbes vis-à-vis Aristotle and Cicero: that is, this essay puts the polemical philosopher in the middle of the quarrel between the Ancients and the Moderns. Hence, Hobbes’s role as a great philosopher of modernity will become more intelligible; and we hope the reader will be able to grasp the ways the philosopher of Malmesbury was crucial for so numerous and relevant matters that we still question nowadays.
Description
Keywords
Hobbes Liberdade Cidadão Súbdito Despolitização Estado Liberdade política