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Abstract(s)
Este trabalho é sobre a campanha eleitoral de Humberto Delgado à Presidência da
República, em 1958, com enfoque no modelo de comunicação política da campanha e na
forma como esta foi construída.
Influenciado por uma estada de vários anos nos Estados Unidos, o General Delgado
inaugurou um novo estilo de aproximação às pessoas e de afronta ao regime, que se
revelou um sucesso em termos de adesão popular. A sua campanha constituiu a maior
ameaça ao Estado Novo nos mais de 40 anos em que o regime vigorou em Portugal.
Nesse sentido, assume especial pertinência no âmbito da comunicação política, um
estudo aprofundado sobre como é que essa influência, por um lado, se repercutiu na
campanha de Humberto Delgado e, por outro, foi condicionada pelas contingências
políticas do país.
A investigação cruza perspectivas teóricas sobre regimes políticos, sistemas de media
e modelos de campanha eleitoral em contextos democráticos e não-democráticos para
debater o modelo de comunicação política da campanha eleitoral de Humberto Delgado.
Que modelo de comunicação política revela a campanha é a questão de investigação
principal, a par de várias subquestões: Qual foi a estratégia de comunicação da campanha?
Como é que se posicionou face ao regime? A campanha apresenta elementos de
profissionalização?
Recorrendo a uma metodologia qualitativa, o trabalho utiliza a análise documental e
a entrevista como métodos para trabalhar um corpus composto por documentos,
entrevistas, materiais de campanha e artigos de imprensa. A investigação desenvolveu-se
em três etapas. Num primeiro momento, a pesquisa envolveu um processo de
reconstituição da campanha; numa segunda fase, procedeu-se à identificação e análise
dos elementos que a caracterizaram e, numa terceira etapa, os resultados foram debatidos
à luz do recorte teórico do trabalho para inferir o modelo de comunicação política da
campanha.
O que se comunicava, como se comunicava, quais os suportes utilizados, como se
comportaram os media e em que tipo de comunicação se baseou esta campanha de moldes
democráticos, dentro de um regime não democrático, são algumas das questões a que se
pretende dar resposta com a investigação, a qual permitiu concluir que esta foi uma
campanha com uma estratégia de comunicação e um grau de profissionalismo totalmente
inesperados no contexto dentro em que se realizou.
This thesis is about the election campaign of Humberto Delgado to the Presidency of the Republic in 1958, focusing mainly on the political communication model of the campaign and how it was constructed. Influenced by his experience of several years in the United States, General Delgado inaugurated a new style of approach to people by questioning the regime, which proved a success in terms of popular adhesion. His campaign constituted the largest threat to the Estado Novo for more than 40 years in which the regime was in influence in Portugal. In this sense, it is particularly pertinent in the context of political communication, an indepth study of how this influence, on the one hand, had an impact on Humberto Delgado's campaign and, on the other hand, was also conditioned by the country's political contingencies. The research crosses theoretical perspectives on political regimes, media systems and electoral campaign models in democratic and non-democratic contexts to discuss the political communication model of Humberto Delgado's electoral campaign. What political communication model reveals the campaign is the main research question, along with several other questions: What was the communication strategy of the campaign? How did the campaign stand against the regime? Does the campaign feature elements of professionalization? Using a qualitative methodology, this thesis employs documental analysis and interviews as methods to work on a corpus composed of documents, interviews, campaign materials and press articles. The research was developed in three stages. At first, the research involved a process of reconstituting the campaign; In a second phase, the elements that characterize the campaign were identified and analyzed and, in a third stage, the results were debated in the light of the theoretical work to inform the campaign's political communication model. What was communicated, how it was communicated, what media was used, how the media behaved and what kind of communication was the basis for this campaign of democratic model, within a non-democratic regime, were some of the issues that are proposed to be answered with this investigation. This investigation concluded that this was a campaign with a communication strategy and a degree of professionalization totally unexpected in the context within which it took place.
This thesis is about the election campaign of Humberto Delgado to the Presidency of the Republic in 1958, focusing mainly on the political communication model of the campaign and how it was constructed. Influenced by his experience of several years in the United States, General Delgado inaugurated a new style of approach to people by questioning the regime, which proved a success in terms of popular adhesion. His campaign constituted the largest threat to the Estado Novo for more than 40 years in which the regime was in influence in Portugal. In this sense, it is particularly pertinent in the context of political communication, an indepth study of how this influence, on the one hand, had an impact on Humberto Delgado's campaign and, on the other hand, was also conditioned by the country's political contingencies. The research crosses theoretical perspectives on political regimes, media systems and electoral campaign models in democratic and non-democratic contexts to discuss the political communication model of Humberto Delgado's electoral campaign. What political communication model reveals the campaign is the main research question, along with several other questions: What was the communication strategy of the campaign? How did the campaign stand against the regime? Does the campaign feature elements of professionalization? Using a qualitative methodology, this thesis employs documental analysis and interviews as methods to work on a corpus composed of documents, interviews, campaign materials and press articles. The research was developed in three stages. At first, the research involved a process of reconstituting the campaign; In a second phase, the elements that characterize the campaign were identified and analyzed and, in a third stage, the results were debated in the light of the theoretical work to inform the campaign's political communication model. What was communicated, how it was communicated, what media was used, how the media behaved and what kind of communication was the basis for this campaign of democratic model, within a non-democratic regime, were some of the issues that are proposed to be answered with this investigation. This investigation concluded that this was a campaign with a communication strategy and a degree of professionalization totally unexpected in the context within which it took place.
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Keywords
Campanha eleitoral Eleições presidenciais de 1958 Estado Novo Humberto Delgado Campanhas modernas Electoral campaign 1958 presidential elections Modern campaigns