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A idade de aquisição (IA) bilingue e as suas repercussões no processamento da linguagem continuam a ser tema de debate, apesar da defesa de uma exposição precoce pela maioria da literatura. Os surdos representam um grupo de interesse pela sua heterogeneidade, acesso tardio à linguagem e dificuldades académicas.
Neste contexto, o presente estudo pretendeu investigar a influência das idades de aquisição da Língua Gestual Portuguesa (LGP) e da Língua Portuguesa (LP) na proficiência sintática do Português escrito (LPE) em bilingues surdos.
Para o efeito, constitui-se uma amostra de 13 surdos pré-linguísticos profundos, alunos da licenciatura PRÓ-LGP da Universidade Católica Portuguesa, proficientes em LGP, sua primeira língua (L1) e em LP, segunda língua (L2).
Foram aplicadas duas tarefas sintáticas: emparelhamento de frase escrita com imagem da bateria PALPA-P e uma prova de julgamento gramatical construída para o estudo, com frases gramaticais e agramaticais, correspondentes a cinco estruturas sintáticas: simples, coordenadas, passivas, relativas e integrantes.
Os resultados demonstraram que a IA de L1 não se correlacionou com o desempenho sintático dos participantes ao contrário da IA de L2 que obteve correlações altas, negativas e significativas. Outras possíveis variáveis de influência como a idade de deteção da surdez, o status auditivo dos pais e a idade de entrada na escola também não se correlacionaram. O facto de imagens elicitarem conteúdo semântico, poderá ter influenciado o desempenho na tarefa de emparelhamento. A prova de julgamento gramatical provou ser um teste sensível, que revelou o conhecimento dos alunos quanto à sintaxe de L2.
Conclui-se que uma IA precoce da LP é crucial para um bom desempenho sintático e consequentemente, académico. Estes dados suportam uma política bilingue equilibrada e sugerem um possível efeito de modalidade, visto que a exposição precoce à língua gestual, sem correspondência na vertente escrita, pode não ser suficiente.
The age of bilingual acquisition and its impact on language processing remain subject of debate, despite the defense of an early exposure to language by most of the literature. The Deaf community has become a target of interest due to its heterogeneity, delayed access to language and academic difficulties. This study aims to analyze the influence of age of acquisition (AoA) of Portuguese Sign Language (LGP) and Portuguese (LP) on the syntactic outcome of Written Portuguese (PE) of bilingual deaf people. The sample was comprised by 13 prelingually and profoundly deaf students, attending a degree in PRÓ-LGP from the Catholic University of Portugal, proficient in LGP, their first language (L1) and in LP, their second language (L2). Two syntactic tasks were applied: a sentence to picture matching from the PALPA-P language battery and a grammatical judgement task specifically designed for this study, containing grammatical and ungrammatical sentences with five structures: simple, composed, passive, relative and integrative. Results show that the AoA of L1 had no correlation with the syntactic performance of participants unlike the AoA of L2 which obtained high negative and significant correlations. Other possible variables of influence such as age of deafness detection, hearing status of parents and the age of school entry were also not correlated. The fact that picture tasks elicit learners’ linguistic knowledge may have influenced performance in the matching task. On the other hand, grammatical judgement proved to be a sensitive test once it revealed the students' knowledge of L2’s syntax. Thus, it is concluded that an early AoA of LP is crucial for a good syntactic performance and therefore also for a good academic performance. This data support a balanced bilingual policy and suggest a possible effect of modality, since the early exposure to sign language, which has no written form, appears to be insufficient.
The age of bilingual acquisition and its impact on language processing remain subject of debate, despite the defense of an early exposure to language by most of the literature. The Deaf community has become a target of interest due to its heterogeneity, delayed access to language and academic difficulties. This study aims to analyze the influence of age of acquisition (AoA) of Portuguese Sign Language (LGP) and Portuguese (LP) on the syntactic outcome of Written Portuguese (PE) of bilingual deaf people. The sample was comprised by 13 prelingually and profoundly deaf students, attending a degree in PRÓ-LGP from the Catholic University of Portugal, proficient in LGP, their first language (L1) and in LP, their second language (L2). Two syntactic tasks were applied: a sentence to picture matching from the PALPA-P language battery and a grammatical judgement task specifically designed for this study, containing grammatical and ungrammatical sentences with five structures: simple, composed, passive, relative and integrative. Results show that the AoA of L1 had no correlation with the syntactic performance of participants unlike the AoA of L2 which obtained high negative and significant correlations. Other possible variables of influence such as age of deafness detection, hearing status of parents and the age of school entry were also not correlated. The fact that picture tasks elicit learners’ linguistic knowledge may have influenced performance in the matching task. On the other hand, grammatical judgement proved to be a sensitive test once it revealed the students' knowledge of L2’s syntax. Thus, it is concluded that an early AoA of LP is crucial for a good syntactic performance and therefore also for a good academic performance. This data support a balanced bilingual policy and suggest a possible effect of modality, since the early exposure to sign language, which has no written form, appears to be insufficient.
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Idade de aquisição Bilinguismo Surdez Sintaxe Modalidade Age of acquisition Bilingualism Deafness Syntax Modality