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Adesão ao rastreio da tuberculose : intervenção de enfermagem comunitária
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A abordagem da tuberculose é essencial visto esta manter-se um dos principais problemas de saúde pública, ao ser a décima terceira principal causa de morte e a doença infeciosa mais mortal após o COVID-19. Estima-se que em 2020 cerca de 10 milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo adoeceram com esta doença (OMS, 2021). A União Europeia é uma região de baixa incidência, e tem vindo a apresentar anualmente uma diminuição de novos casos. No que toca a Portugal, nos últimos anos, a incidência da doença tem vindo também a diminuir, constatando-se, no entanto, que Lisboa e Porto constituem-se como distritos com a taxa de notificação mais alta do país (DGS, 2021). No caso da tuberculose pulmonar, por exemplo, e por se tratar de uma doença infeciosa, a identificação precoce e o tratamento adequado são as estratégias mais indicadas para prevenir a propagação da doença na comunidade. Este despiste, na maior parte das vezes, ocorre na realização de rastreio das pessoas conviventes da pessoa com tuberculose (DGS, 2018). O projeto de intervenção comunitária teve como finalidade, contribuir para um aumento da adesão ao rastreio da tuberculose, tendo por base a promoção da saúde e o aumento da capacidade dos parceiros comunitários, ao serem detentores de conhecimentos que contribuíssem para o controlo da doença na comunidade. A metodologia do planeamento em saúde usado, foi de Tavares (1990), tendo o projeto sido desenvolvido com todas as suas etapas, desde o diagnóstico de situação até à sua avaliação e como orientação em enfermagem o Modelo de Promoção da Saúde de Nola Pender. O projeto permitiu chegar até uma comunidade específica através de parceiros comunitários, tendo sido possível atingir os objetivos propostos. Permitiu o desenvolvimento de competências como mestre e especialista em enfermagem de saúde comunitária e saúde pública.
Addressing tuberculosis is essential since it remains a major public health problem, as it is the thirteenth leading cause of death and the deadliest infectious disease after COVID 19. It is estimated that in 2020 about 10 million people worldwide will become ill with this disease (WHO, 2021). The European Union is a low-incidence region, and it has been showing an annual decrease in new cases. Concerning Portugal, in recent years, the incidence of the disease has also been decreasing, noting, however, that Lisbon and Porto are districts with the highest notification rate in the country (DGS, 2021). In the case of pulmonary tuberculosis, given it is an infectious disease, early identification and adequate treatment are the most appropriate strategies to prevent the spread of the disease in the community. The screening of these diseases, in most cases, occurs when screening people living with the infected person (DGS, 2018). The purpose of the community intervention project was to contribute to an increase in adherence to tuberculosis screening, through health promotion, and improve the capacity of community partners to acquire knowledge that would contribute to a better control of the disease in the community. The methodology of health planning that was used was from Tavares (1990), and the project was developed with all its stages, from the diagnosis of the situation to its evaluation and as a guideline in nursing, the Health Promotion Model of Nola Pender. The project made it possible to reach a specific community, through community partners, which made it possible to achieve the proposed objectives. It allowed the development of skills as a masters graduate and specialist in community health and public health nursing.
Addressing tuberculosis is essential since it remains a major public health problem, as it is the thirteenth leading cause of death and the deadliest infectious disease after COVID 19. It is estimated that in 2020 about 10 million people worldwide will become ill with this disease (WHO, 2021). The European Union is a low-incidence region, and it has been showing an annual decrease in new cases. Concerning Portugal, in recent years, the incidence of the disease has also been decreasing, noting, however, that Lisbon and Porto are districts with the highest notification rate in the country (DGS, 2021). In the case of pulmonary tuberculosis, given it is an infectious disease, early identification and adequate treatment are the most appropriate strategies to prevent the spread of the disease in the community. The screening of these diseases, in most cases, occurs when screening people living with the infected person (DGS, 2018). The purpose of the community intervention project was to contribute to an increase in adherence to tuberculosis screening, through health promotion, and improve the capacity of community partners to acquire knowledge that would contribute to a better control of the disease in the community. The methodology of health planning that was used was from Tavares (1990), and the project was developed with all its stages, from the diagnosis of the situation to its evaluation and as a guideline in nursing, the Health Promotion Model of Nola Pender. The project made it possible to reach a specific community, through community partners, which made it possible to achieve the proposed objectives. It allowed the development of skills as a masters graduate and specialist in community health and public health nursing.
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Tuberculose Rastreio de tuberculose Promoção da saúde Saúde pública Enfermagem comunitária Tuberculosis Tuberculosis screening Health promotion Public health Community nursing