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A fronteira entre o lóbi e o crime de tráfico de influência
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A presente dissertação analisa a fronteira conceptual e jurídica entre a prática legítima de lóbi e o crime de tráfico de influência, previsto no artigo 335.º, do Código Penal português. Partindo de uma abordagem comparativa, identifica-se o que distingue estas duas realidades, tanto em termos de elementos constitutivos como de finalidades, bem como as zonas cinzentas que dificultam a sua diferenciação na prática. O estudo integra uma análise do enquadramento legislativo nacional e internacional do lóbi, incluindo as propostas de regulamentação apresentadas em Portugal e as orientações e modelos da União Europeia e da OCDE, procurando aferir de que forma a consagração de um regime jurídico claro e transparente para a representação de interesses poderá prevenir a criminalização indevida de práticas legítimas e, simultaneamente, evitar que condutas ilícitas se ocultem sob a aparência de lóbi. Conclui-se que a delimitação rigorosa destes institutos jurídicos é essencial para garantir a integridade da decisão pública, combater a corrupção e reforçar a confiança dos cidadãos nas instituições democráticas.
This dissertation examines the conceptual and legal boundaries between legitimate lobbying and the criminal offence of influence peddling, as defined in Article 335 of the Portuguese Penal Code. Using a comparative approach, it identifies the elements and purposes that differentiate the two concepts, as well as the grey areas that make their practical distinction challenging. This study incorporates an analysis of the national and international legal framework for lobbying, including recent regulatory proposals in Portugal and guidance from the European Union and the OECD, assessing how the adoption of a clear and transparent legal regime for interest representation can both prevent the undue criminalisation of legitimate practices and ensure that illicit conduct is not disguised as lobbying. The research concludes that a precise delineation of these legal institutes is essential to safeguarding the integrity of public decision-making, combating corruption, and strengthening citizens’ trust in democratic institutions.
This dissertation examines the conceptual and legal boundaries between legitimate lobbying and the criminal offence of influence peddling, as defined in Article 335 of the Portuguese Penal Code. Using a comparative approach, it identifies the elements and purposes that differentiate the two concepts, as well as the grey areas that make their practical distinction challenging. This study incorporates an analysis of the national and international legal framework for lobbying, including recent regulatory proposals in Portugal and guidance from the European Union and the OECD, assessing how the adoption of a clear and transparent legal regime for interest representation can both prevent the undue criminalisation of legitimate practices and ensure that illicit conduct is not disguised as lobbying. The research concludes that a precise delineation of these legal institutes is essential to safeguarding the integrity of public decision-making, combating corruption, and strengthening citizens’ trust in democratic institutions.
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Palavras-chave
Lóbi Tráfico de influência Representação de interesses Transparência alimentar Registo de interesses Corrupção Lobbying Influence peddling Interest representation Transparency Lobby register Corruption
Contexto Educativo
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Licença CC
Sem licença CC