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Impacto da Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 no biofilme e implicações para a saúde oral em adultos/idosos : scoping review
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Introdução: A relação bidirecional entre a Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 (DMT2) e a saúde oral constitui o cerne deste estudo, com especial foco nos desafios específicos da população adulta/sénior. Neste contexto, o desequilíbrio metabólico, a polimedicação e as alterações salivares exacerbam a suscetibilidade à periodontite. Uma monitorização integrada é importante, fundamentando-se a necessidade de uma abordagem multidisciplinar entre a medicina dentária e a medicina geral. Objetivos: Esta scoping review analisa criticamente como DMT2 remodela o <br/>biofilme oral em adultos/idosos, agravando a suscetibilidade à periodontite. Adicionalmente, investiga o potencial de extratos vegetais na modulação do microbioma para otimizar o tratamento periodontal. Materiais e Métodos: Realizaram-se pesquisas eletrónicas na PubMed, <br/>Scopus, Web of Science e Cochrane. Foram incluídos estudos que avaliaram a relação entre a DMT2 e o microbioma oral em adultos/idosos e qual a suscetibilidade relativamente à periodontite. Resultados: Catorze estudos integraram os critérios de inclusão, abrangendo ensaios clínicos randomizados, estudos de caso-controlo, transversais e observacionais. A maioria dos estudos identificou o desequilíbrio glicémico como <br/>um fator determinante para a disbiose oral, caracterizada pelo aumento de patógenos como Streptococcus, Porphyromonas e Prevotella. Níveis elevados de glicose salivar foram associados a uma maior prevalência das bactérias do "complexo vermelho", exacerbando a gravidade da periodontite. Conclusão: A análise evidencia que a DMT2 impõe uma disbiose complexa, onde o descontrolo glicémico reduz a biodiversidade. Esta assinatura microbiana agrava a periodontite. Em contrapartida, a metformina e terapias naturais demonstram potencial na restauração da homeostase oral. O uso de extratos vegetais surge como uma potencial terapia adjuvante para o controlo metabólico e envelhecimento saudável.
Introduction: The bidirectional relationship between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and oral health is at the heart of this study, with a particular focus on the specific challenges faced by the adult and elderly population. In this context, metabolic imbalance, polypharmacy, and changes in salivary composition exacerbate susceptibility to periodontitis. Integrated monitoring is important, underscoring the need for a multidisciplinary approach between dentistry and general medicine. Aim: This scoping review critically examines how type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) alters the oral biofilm in adults and older adults, thereby increasing susceptibility to periodontitis. Additionally, it investigates the potential of plant extracts to <br/>modulate the microbiome in order to optimize periodontal treatment. Materials and Methods: Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, <br/>Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Studies were included that evaluated the relationship between T2DM and the oral microbiome in adults and older adults, as well as susceptibility to periodontitis. Results: Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing randomized clinical trials, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, and observational studies. Most studies identified glycemic imbalance as a key factor in oral <br/>dysbiosis, characterized by an increase in pathogens such as Streptococcus, Porphyromonas, and Prevotella. Elevated salivary glucose levels were <br/>associated with a higher prevalence of “red complex” bacteria, exacerbating the severity of periodontitis. Conclusion: The analysis shows that T2DM leads to complex dysbiosis, in which poor glycemic control reduces microbial diversity. This microbial signature exacerbates periodontitis. In contrast, metformin and natural therapies show potential for restoring oral homeostasis. The use of plant extracts emerges as a vital adjunctive therapy for metabolic control and healthy aging.
Introduction: The bidirectional relationship between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and oral health is at the heart of this study, with a particular focus on the specific challenges faced by the adult and elderly population. In this context, metabolic imbalance, polypharmacy, and changes in salivary composition exacerbate susceptibility to periodontitis. Integrated monitoring is important, underscoring the need for a multidisciplinary approach between dentistry and general medicine. Aim: This scoping review critically examines how type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) alters the oral biofilm in adults and older adults, thereby increasing susceptibility to periodontitis. Additionally, it investigates the potential of plant extracts to <br/>modulate the microbiome in order to optimize periodontal treatment. Materials and Methods: Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, <br/>Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Studies were included that evaluated the relationship between T2DM and the oral microbiome in adults and older adults, as well as susceptibility to periodontitis. Results: Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing randomized clinical trials, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, and observational studies. Most studies identified glycemic imbalance as a key factor in oral <br/>dysbiosis, characterized by an increase in pathogens such as Streptococcus, Porphyromonas, and Prevotella. Elevated salivary glucose levels were <br/>associated with a higher prevalence of “red complex” bacteria, exacerbating the severity of periodontitis. Conclusion: The analysis shows that T2DM leads to complex dysbiosis, in which poor glycemic control reduces microbial diversity. This microbial signature exacerbates periodontitis. In contrast, metformin and natural therapies show potential for restoring oral homeostasis. The use of plant extracts emerges as a vital adjunctive therapy for metabolic control and healthy aging.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 Biofilme Periodontite Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Biofilms Periodontitis
Contexto Educativo
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Licença CC
Sem licença CC